Question 1

What would be different in our lives today if lasers had not been developed?

Accepted Answer

Without lasers the following would not exist: optical scanners in the checkout lines, light pointers in lectures, certain types of surgery, assessment of continental drift, measuring the height of Mt. Everest, tunnel surveys to exacting precision, earthquake prediction, certain industrial tools, pollution detection equipment, and some military weapons. In general, from the point of view of a scientist, lasers enabled extremely precise measurements of atomic structures and properties of materials.

Question 2

An electrically neutral particle in the nucleus is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a nucleus. 
B)  a proton. 
C)  an electron. 
D)  an ion. 
E)  a neutron. 
A)  a nucleus. 
B)  a proton. 
C)  an electron. 
D)  an ion. 
E)  a neutron. E

Question 3

Electrons in the Bohr atom shift to a higher energy level by

Accepted Answer

A)  absorbing the energy of light or heat. 
B)  reflecting the energy of heat or light. 
C)  emitting a photon. 
D)  radiating an electromagnetic wave. 
E)  stubbornly refusing to change energy states. 
A)  absorbing the energy of light or heat. 
B)  reflecting the energy of heat or light. 
C)  emitting a photon. 
D)  radiating an electromagnetic wave. 
E)  stubbornly refusing to change energy states. A

Question 4

Explain the physical principles that allow an electric stove's burner to glow (give off light) when heated.

Accepted Answer

Input of electrical energy cau

Question 5

All elements in any column in the periodic table of elements

Accepted Answer

A)  have very little in common. 
B)  form a compound known as a salt. 
C)  are alkaline earth metals. 
D)  have similar chemical properties. 
E)  are noble gases. 
A)  have very little in common. 
B)  form a compound known as a salt. 
C)  are alkaline earth metals. 
D)  have similar chemical properties. 
E)  are noble gases.

Question 6

When two or more atoms combine chemically this forms the basic constituent of many different kinds of material, which is called

Accepted Answer

A)  uncuttable. 
B)  an element. 
C)  a molecule. 
D)  an electron. 
E)  water. 
A)  uncuttable. 
B)  an element. 
C)  a molecule. 
D)  an electron. 
E)  water.

Question 7

Each electron shell corresponds to a different

Accepted Answer

A)  number of charges on each electron. 
B)  chemical element or compound. 
C)  ion or group of ions. 
D)  atom or molecule. 
E)  electron energy level. 
A)  number of charges on each electron. 
B)  chemical element or compound. 
C)  ion or group of ions. 
D)  atom or molecule. 
E)  electron energy level.

Question 8

Describe how spectroscopy is applied to practical problems in everyday life.

Accepted Answer

Spectroscopy is the study of the charact

Question 9

Discuss how intuition has been important to many discoveries in science. In so doing, include the accomplishments of Bohr, Newton, and Einstein.

Accepted Answer

Many people had pondered atoms and how t

Question 10

From the periodic table, the elements iron (26), cobalt (27), and nickel (28) are grouped in the same row. How are those three elements similar? How are they different?

Accepted Answer

They are similar in that they are all me

Question 11

Why is argon used as the gas "filler" in incandescent light bulbs (light bulbs with glowing filaments)? What would happen if hydrogen were used instead?

Accepted Answer

Argon is a noble gas, which means that i

Question 12

Describe the difference in the atomic number and number of electrons in typical hydrogen and helium atoms and their chemical effects.

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen has one proton in its nucleus a

Question 13

Describe how ultraviolet "black" light causes some material to glow while sunlight or light from a typical light bulb will not.

Accepted Answer

Ultraviolet light causes excit

Question 14

In the periodic table of the elements, the period refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  energy level of the electrons. 
B)  number of neutrons. 
C)  number of protons. 
D)  atomic mass of the atom. 
E)  mass of the photons emitted by the atom. 
A)  energy level of the electrons. 
B)  number of neutrons. 
C)  number of protons. 
D)  atomic mass of the atom. 
E)  mass of the photons emitted by the atom.

Question 15

"Allowed orbits" is a phrase applied to the

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons in Rutherford's model of the atom. 
B)  protons in Dalton's model of the atom. 
C)  electrons in Bohr's model of the atom. 
D)  protons in Thompson's experiments. 
E)  neutrons in Mendeleev's periodic table of elements. 
A)  electrons in Rutherford's model of the atom. 
B)  protons in Dalton's model of the atom. 
C)  electrons in Bohr's model of the atom. 
D)  protons in Thompson's experiments. 
E)  neutrons in Mendeleev's periodic table of elements.

Question 16

Describe the origin of table salt in terms of the columns of the periodic table where the component elements come from.

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride (table salt) is composed

Question 17

Even though we do not have a sample of the Sun's interior, we think that it is composed of a significant amount of H and He. What observations and their physical principles support this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Each light frequency represent

Question 18

What is an atom's spectrum?

Accepted Answer

A)  the total number of photons an atom can contain 
B)  sum of photons an atom will emit 
C)  the atomic mass of the atom 
D)  the atom's place in the periodic table 
E)  the allowed orbit closest to the nucleus 
A)  the total number of photons an atom can contain 
B)  sum of photons an atom will emit 
C)  the atomic mass of the atom 
D)  the atom's place in the periodic table 
E)  the allowed orbit closest to the nucleus

Question 19

The fundamental building block for all matter, which is the smallest representative sample of a substance that maintains chemical identity, is called

Accepted Answer

A)  an atom. 
B)  an element. 
C)  a molecule. 
D)  an electron. 
E)  a chemical compound. 
A)  an atom. 
B)  an element. 
C)  a molecule. 
D)  an electron. 
E)  a chemical compound.

Question 20

What is electrolysis and how is it related to the battery?

Accepted Answer

Electrolysis is literally "splitting by

Exam 8: The Atom: Why Are There so Many Different Materials in the World

What would be different in our lives today if lasers had not been developed?

An electrically neutral particle in the nucleus is called

Electrons in the Bohr atom shift to a higher energy level by

Explain the physical principles that allow an electric stove's burner to glow (give off light) when heated.

All elements in any column in the periodic table of elements

When two or more atoms combine chemically this forms the basic constituent of many different kinds of material, which is called

Each electron shell corresponds to a different

Describe how spectroscopy is applied to practical problems in everyday life.

Discuss how intuition has been important to many discoveries in science. In so doing, include the accomplishments of Bohr, Newton, and Einstein.

From the periodic table, the elements iron (26), cobalt (27), and nickel (28) are grouped in the same row. How are those three elements similar? How are they different?

Why is argon used as the gas "filler" in incandescent light bulbs (light bulbs with glowing filaments)? What would happen if hydrogen were used instead?

Describe the difference in the atomic number and number of electrons in typical hydrogen and helium atoms and their chemical effects.

Describe how ultraviolet "black" light causes some material to glow while sunlight or light from a typical light bulb will not.

In the periodic table of the elements, the period refers to the

"Allowed orbits" is a phrase applied to the

Describe the origin of table salt in terms of the columns of the periodic table where the component elements come from.

Even though we do not have a sample of the Sun's interior, we think that it is composed of a significant amount of H and He. What observations and their physical principles support this hypothesis?

What is an atom's spectrum?

The fundamental building block for all matter, which is the smallest representative sample of a substance that maintains chemical identity, is called

What is electrolysis and how is it related to the battery?

Science: a Way of Knowing: How Do You Know What You Know

The Ordered Universe: Why Do Planets Appear to Wander Slowly Across the Sky

Energy: Why Must Animals Eat to Stay Alive

Heat and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Why Is It Easier to Make an Omelet From an Egg Than to Make an Egg From an Omelet

Electricity and Magnetism: What Is Lightning

Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation: What Is Color

Albert Einstein and the Theory of Relativity: Can a Human Ever Travel Faster Than the Speed of Light, at Warp Speed

Quantum Mechanics: How Can the Electron Behave Like Both a Particle and a Wave

Atoms in Combination: the Chemical Bond: How Does Blood Clot

Materials and Their Properties: How Have Computers Gotten so Much Faster

The Nucleus of the Atom: How Do Scientists Determine the Age of the Oldest Human Fossils

The Ultimate Structure of Matter: How Can Antimatter Be Used to Probe the Human Brain

The Stars: How Much Longer Can the Sun Sustain Life on Earth

Cosmology: Will the Universe End

Earth and Other Planets: Is Earth the Only Planet With Life

Plate Tectonics: Can We Predict Destructive Earthquakes

Earths Many Cycles: Will We Ever Run Out of Fresh Water

Ecology, Ecosystems, and the Environment: Are Human Activities Affecting the Global Environment

Strategies of Life: What Is Life

The Living Cell: What Is the Smallest Living Thing

Molecules of Life: What Constitutes a Healthy Diet

Classical and Modern Genetics: Why Do Offspring Resemble Their Parents

The New Science of Life: Can We Cure Cancer

Evolution: How Did Life Emerge on the Ancient Earth

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