Question 1

A high-energy physicist might request research funding for studies pertaining to

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic physiology. 
B)  hydrogen bombs. 
C)  solar flares. 
D)  electromagnetic radiation. 
E)  elementary particles. 
A)  aerobic physiology. 
B)  hydrogen bombs. 
C)  solar flares. 
D)  electromagnetic radiation. 
E)  elementary particles. E

Question 2

Compare a linear accelerator with a synchrotron.

Accepted Answer

While both machines are particle accelerators that boost atomic particles to near-light speeds, the synchrotron is based on a ring of magnets moving particles in a circular track. The linear accelerator is a device using a vacuum tube into which particles are injected to ride an electromagnetic wave.

Question 3

We can say that cosmic rays

Accepted Answer

A)  have no charge. 
B)  are mostly electrons. 
C)  fall to the ground without interacting with anything in the Earth's atmosphere. 
D)  were created by humans as a source of high-energy particles. 
E)  are particles that fall on Earth from outer space. 
A)  have no charge. 
B)  are mostly electrons. 
C)  fall to the ground without interacting with anything in the Earth's atmosphere. 
D)  were created by humans as a source of high-energy particles. 
E)  are particles that fall on Earth from outer space. E

Question 4

The force that holds the nucleus together despite the electrical repulsion between protons is the

Accepted Answer

A)  gravitational force. 
B)  weak force. 
C)  electromagnetic force. 
D)  strong force. 
E)  electroweak force. 
A)  gravitational force. 
B)  weak force. 
C)  electromagnetic force. 
D)  strong force. 
E)  electroweak force.

Question 5

What disadvantages did scientists find in using cosmic rays for studying the fundamental structure of matter?

Accepted Answer

Because cosmic rays are suppli

Question 6

If two protons in a nucleus have the same charges, they should repel each other. How, then, do atomic nuclei stay together?

Accepted Answer

First, because protons rarely exist alon

Question 7

How is the proton's +1 charge calculated using nuclear quark charges?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 quark = +1 
B)  1/2 quark + 1/2 quark = +1 
C)  2/3 quark + 2/3 quark + (-1/3 quark) = +1 
D)  2/3 quark + 1/3 quark = +1 
E)  1/2 quark + 1/2 quark = -1 
A)  1 quark = +1 
B)  1/2 quark + 1/2 quark = +1 
C)  2/3 quark + 2/3 quark + (-1/3 quark) = +1 
D)  2/3 quark + 1/3 quark = +1 
E)  1/2 quark + 1/2 quark = -1

Question 8

List the steps used to detect a positron with a cloud chamber.

Accepted Answer

Cosmic rays enters a type of detector ca

Question 9

In what ways do science fiction writers include elementary particle theory in their discussion of space travel?

Accepted Answer

In such films and books as tho

Question 10

Why do scientists find it harder to detect neutrons than electrons?

Accepted Answer

Unlike electrons, ne

Question 11

What observation supports the idea that the strong force is greater than the electrical force at nuclear distances?

Accepted Answer

First, because protons rarely exist alon

Question 12

Which of the following is an application of elementary particles research?

Accepted Answer

A)  cloud chamber 
B)  positron emission tomography 
C)  cartographic topography 
D)  genetically engineered vegetables 
E)  medical X-ray machine 
A)  cloud chamber 
B)  positron emission tomography 
C)  cartographic topography 
D)  genetically engineered vegetables 
E)  medical X-ray machine

Question 13

Which of the following is not a particle accelerator?

Accepted Answer

A)  graviton 
B)  cyclotron 
C)  synchrotron 
D)  linear accelerator 
E)  medical X-ray machine 
A)  graviton 
B)  cyclotron 
C)  synchrotron 
D)  linear accelerator 
E)  medical X-ray machine

Question 14

If magnets are used to accelerate particles (in a particle accelerator), does this mean that these particles are magnetic?

Accepted Answer

The particles have a charge, so they are

Question 15

How do quarks differ from other elementary particles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Quarks exist as free-floating particles in space. 
B)  Quarks have positive and negative charges that are all multiples of two. 
C)  Quarks form the basic structure of all electrons. 
D)  Only six kinds of quarks make up the hundreds of nuclear particles. 
E)  Quarks can be isolated and observed in a cloud chamber. 
A)  Quarks exist as free-floating particles in space. 
B)  Quarks have positive and negative charges that are all multiples of two. 
C)  Quarks form the basic structure of all electrons. 
D)  Only six kinds of quarks make up the hundreds of nuclear particles. 
E)  Quarks can be isolated and observed in a cloud chamber.

Question 16

What are the four fundamental forces in universe and how do they work?

Accepted Answer

The four fundamental forces are gravity,

Question 17

Why is an electron described as a "weakly interacting one?"

Accepted Answer

An electron is an example of a

Question 18

A graviton is to gravity as the strong force is to

Accepted Answer

A)  the wind. 
B)  a photon. 
C)  both W and Z. 
D)  a gluon. 
E)  an electron. 
A)  the wind. 
B)  a photon. 
C)  both W and Z. 
D)  a gluon. 
E)  an electron.

Question 19

Why do scientists believe that an individual quark will never be confined long enough to be studied?

Accepted Answer

The confinement theory indicates that a

Question 20

Review the arguments surrounding the huge expenditure of money for basic science projects such as the Superconducting Supercollider.

Accepted Answer

Some people question the expenditure of

Exam 13: The Ultimate Structure of Matter: How Can Antimatter Be Used to Probe the Human Brain

A high-energy physicist might request research funding for studies pertaining to

Compare a linear accelerator with a synchrotron.

We can say that cosmic rays

The force that holds the nucleus together despite the electrical repulsion between protons is the

What disadvantages did scientists find in using cosmic rays for studying the fundamental structure of matter?

If two protons in a nucleus have the same charges, they should repel each other. How, then, do atomic nuclei stay together?

How is the proton's +1 charge calculated using nuclear quark charges?

List the steps used to detect a positron with a cloud chamber.

In what ways do science fiction writers include elementary particle theory in their discussion of space travel?

Why do scientists find it harder to detect neutrons than electrons?

What observation supports the idea that the strong force is greater than the electrical force at nuclear distances?

Which of the following is an application of elementary particles research?

Which of the following is not a particle accelerator?

If magnets are used to accelerate particles (in a particle accelerator), does this mean that these particles are magnetic?

How do quarks differ from other elementary particles?

What are the four fundamental forces in universe and how do they work?

Why is an electron described as a "weakly interacting one?"

A graviton is to gravity as the strong force is to

Why do scientists believe that an individual quark will never be confined long enough to be studied?

Review the arguments surrounding the huge expenditure of money for basic science projects such as the Superconducting Supercollider.

Science: a Way of Knowing: How Do You Know What You Know

The Ordered Universe: Why Do Planets Appear to Wander Slowly Across the Sky

Energy: Why Must Animals Eat to Stay Alive

Heat and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Why Is It Easier to Make an Omelet From an Egg Than to Make an Egg From an Omelet

Electricity and Magnetism: What Is Lightning

Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation: What Is Color

Albert Einstein and the Theory of Relativity: Can a Human Ever Travel Faster Than the Speed of Light, at Warp Speed

The Atom: Why Are There so Many Different Materials in the World

Quantum Mechanics: How Can the Electron Behave Like Both a Particle and a Wave

Atoms in Combination: the Chemical Bond: How Does Blood Clot

Materials and Their Properties: How Have Computers Gotten so Much Faster

The Nucleus of the Atom: How Do Scientists Determine the Age of the Oldest Human Fossils

The Stars: How Much Longer Can the Sun Sustain Life on Earth

Cosmology: Will the Universe End

Earth and Other Planets: Is Earth the Only Planet With Life

Plate Tectonics: Can We Predict Destructive Earthquakes

Earths Many Cycles: Will We Ever Run Out of Fresh Water

Ecology, Ecosystems, and the Environment: Are Human Activities Affecting the Global Environment

Strategies of Life: What Is Life

The Living Cell: What Is the Smallest Living Thing

Molecules of Life: What Constitutes a Healthy Diet

Classical and Modern Genetics: Why Do Offspring Resemble Their Parents

The New Science of Life: Can We Cure Cancer

Evolution: How Did Life Emerge on the Ancient Earth

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