Question 1

Which of the following terms describes the separation of water into hydrogen and oxygen following exposure to radiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radiolysis 
B)  Radioactivity 
C)  Ionization 
D)  Duplication 
A)  Radiolysis 
B)  Radioactivity 
C)  Ionization 
D)  Duplication A

Question 2

How does oxygen retention affect radiosensitivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases 
B)  Decreases 
C)  No change 
D)  Varies by tissue 
A)  Increases 
B)  Decreases 
C)  No change 
D)  Varies by tissue A

Question 3

The TD 50/5 for the optic nerve is approximately _____ Gy.

Accepted Answer

A)  25 
B)  35 
C)  50 
D)  65 
A)  25 
B)  35 
C)  50 
D)  65 D

Question 4

To produce the same biological effects seen after a single dose of 5,000 cGy, the total dose of a fractionated dose would be _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  less 
B)  greater 
C)  equivalent 
A)  less 
B)  greater 
C)  equivalent

Question 5

Which of the following tissues is least radiosensitive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone 
B)  Kidney 
C)  Ocular lens 
D)  Colon 
A)  Bone 
B)  Kidney 
C)  Ocular lens 
D)  Colon

Question 6

Which macromolecule is most radiosensitive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipids 
B)  Carbohydrates 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A)  
A)  Lipids 
B)  Carbohydrates 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A)

Question 7

What does the term interphase death mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell dies prior to entering interphase. 
B)  The cell dies prior to leaving interphase. 
C)  The cell dies between mitotic phases. 
D)  The entire organism dies. 
A)  The cell dies prior to entering interphase. 
B)  The cell dies prior to leaving interphase. 
C)  The cell dies between mitotic phases. 
D)  The entire organism dies.

Question 8

Which of the following is the most important treatment-related variable for the development of the late-term effects of ionizing radiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Treatment volume 
B)  Elapsed days 
C)  OER 
D)  Dose 
A)  Treatment volume 
B)  Elapsed days 
C)  OER 
D)  Dose

Question 9

Isoeffect curves are most closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen enhancement 
B)  Radiation syndromes 
C)  Tolerance doses 
D)  Fractionation 
A)  Oxygen enhancement 
B)  Radiation syndromes 
C)  Tolerance doses 
D)  Fractionation

Question 10

The TD 5/5 for the whole liver is approximately _____ Gy.

Accepted Answer

A)  15 
B)  20 
C)  30 
D)  40 
A)  15 
B)  20 
C)  30 
D)  40

Question 11

The tolerance dose TD 50/5 for the lens of the eye is __________ to/than the TD 5/5 for the lens of the eye

Accepted Answer

A)  less 
B)  greater 
C)  equivalent 
A)  less 
B)  greater 
C)  equivalent

Question 12

What is the typical oxygen enhancement ratio (OER)value for sparsely ionizing radiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5 to 1.0 
B)  1.0 to 2.0 
C)  2.5 to 3.0 
D)  Greater than 3.0 
A)  0.5 to 1.0 
B)  1.0 to 2.0 
C)  2.5 to 3.0 
D)  Greater than 3.0

Question 13

Which of the following terms is used to describe radiation damage to a cell that is not sufficient to kill the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Relative biological effect 
B)  Sublethal damage 
C)  Tumor lethal dose 
D)  Lethal dose50/40 
A)  Relative biological effect 
B)  Sublethal damage 
C)  Tumor lethal dose 
D)  Lethal dose50/40

Question 14

Which of the following cell types are likely to express radiation injury shortly after a D? dose of radiation is received? (Select two.)

Accepted Answer

A)  VIM 
B)  DIM 
C)  RPM 
D)  FPM 
A)  VIM 
B)  DIM 
C)  RPM 
D)  FPM

Question 15

Which of the following is not a pyrimidine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adenine 
B)  Cytosine 
C)  Thymine 
D)  Uracil 
A)  Adenine 
B)  Cytosine 
C)  Thymine 
D)  Uracil

Question 16

A whole-body radiation dose given in a period of seconds to minutes produces a clinical pattern called what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Delayed effects 
B)  Mortality rates 
C)  Acute radiation syndromes 
D)  Clinical body dose 
A)  Delayed effects 
B)  Mortality rates 
C)  Acute radiation syndromes 
D)  Clinical body dose

Question 17

Which term describes certain chemicals or drugs that enhance the response of cells to radiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Free radicals 
B)  Radiosensitizers 
C)  Radioprotectors 
D)  NSAIDs 
A)  Free radicals 
B)  Radiosensitizers 
C)  Radioprotectors 
D)  NSAIDs

Question 18

Fractionation of radiation dose administration to neoplastic tissues has which of the following effects? (Select three.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Reoxygenation of hypoxic tumor cells, thus promotes their sensitivity to subsequent doses 
B)  Favors repair of radiation injury in normal cells over that of cancer cells 
C)  Favors repopulation of normal tissues slightly 
D)  Reduces or blunts the effects of the radiation injury in early responding normal tissues 
A)  Reoxygenation of hypoxic tumor cells, thus promotes their sensitivity to subsequent doses 
B)  Favors repair of radiation injury in normal cells over that of cancer cells 
C)  Favors repopulation of normal tissues slightly 
D)  Reduces or blunts the effects of the radiation injury in early responding normal tissues

Question 19

Which of the following is not an early response to radiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breast cancer 
B)  Erythema 
C)  Diarrhea 
D)  Chromosome aberrations 
A)  Breast cancer 
B)  Erythema 
C)  Diarrhea 
D)  Chromosome aberrations

Question 20

To calculate the nominal standard dose (NSD), what factors must be known?
I.Total dose
II.Fraction size
III.Elapsed days

Accepted Answer

A)  I and II 
B)  I and III 
C)  II and III 
D)  I, II, and III 
A)  I and II 
B)  I and III 
C)  II and III 
D)  I, II, and III

Exam 4: Overview of Radiobiology

Which of the following terms describes the separation of water into hydrogen and oxygen following exposure to radiation?

How does oxygen retention affect radiosensitivity?

The TD 50/5 for the optic nerve is approximately _____ Gy.

To produce the same biological effects seen after a single dose of 5,000 cGy, the total dose of a fractionated dose would be _________.

Which of the following tissues is least radiosensitive?

Which macromolecule is most radiosensitive?

What does the term interphase death mean?

Which of the following is the most important treatment-related variable for the development of the late-term effects of ionizing radiation?

Isoeffect curves are most closely associated with which of the following?

The TD 5/5 for the whole liver is approximately _____ Gy.

The tolerance dose TD 50/5 for the lens of the eye is __________ to/than the TD 5/5 for the lens of the eye

What is the typical oxygen enhancement ratio (OER)value for sparsely ionizing radiation?

Which of the following terms is used to describe radiation damage to a cell that is not sufficient to kill the cell?

Which of the following cell types are likely to express radiation injury shortly after a D? dose of radiation is received? (Select two.)

Which of the following is not a pyrimidine?

A whole-body radiation dose given in a period of seconds to minutes produces a clinical pattern called what?

Which term describes certain chemicals or drugs that enhance the response of cells to radiation?

Fractionation of radiation dose administration to neoplastic tissues has which of the following effects? (Select three.)

Which of the following is not an early response to radiation?

To calculate the nominal standard dose (NSD), what factors must be known? I.Total dose II.Fraction size III.Elapsed days

Cancer: An Overview

The Ethics and Legal Considerations of Cancer Management

Principles of Pathology

Detection and Diagnosis

Medical Imaging

Treatment Delivery Equipment

Treatment Procedures

Infection Control in Radiation Oncology Facilities

Patient Assessment

Pharmacology and Drug Administration

Applied Mathematics Review

Introduction to Radiation Therapy Physics

Aspects of Brachytherapy

Special Procedures

Particle Therapy

Radiation Safety and Protection

Patient Safety in Radiation Oncology

Quality Improvement in Radiation Oncology

Surface and Sectional Anatomy

Simulator Design

Computed Tomography Simulation

Photon Dosimetry Concepts and Calculations

Photon Dose Distributions

Electron Beams in Radiation Therapy

Electronic Charting and Image Management

Bone, Cartilage, and Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Lymphoreticular System Tumors

Endocrine System Tumors

Respiratory System Tumors

Head and Neck Cancers

Central Nervous System Tumors

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Gynecological Tumors

Male Reproductive and Genitourinary Tumors

Breast Cancer

Pediatric Solid Tumors

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