Question 1

Across all of the identity development frameworks, what is a common factor related to healthy development?

Accepted Answer

A)  having authoritative parents 
B)  having a high self-esteem and positive self-regard 
C)  a period of experimentation and exploration before finalizing choices 
D)  exploration in depth and exploration in breadth 
A)  having authoritative parents 
B)  having a high self-esteem and positive self-regard 
C)  a period of experimentation and exploration before finalizing choices 
D)  exploration in depth and exploration in breadth

Question 2

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the gender intensification hypothesis in adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  During adolescence, girls can be highly pressured to behave in feminine ways without necessarily being punished or labeled deviant for exhibiting some masculine traits at the same time. 
B)  During adolescence, boys can be highly pressured to behave in masculine ways without necessarily being punished or labeled deviant for exhibiting some feminine traits at the same time. 
C)  Boys' gender-role socialization does not intensify during adolescence as much as it does for girls because boys' gender-role socialization is very intense from childhood. 
D)  Girls may feel increasingly pressured to dress nicely and to wear makeup when they reach adolescence, but they are not pressured to give up athletics. 
A)  During adolescence, girls can be highly pressured to behave in feminine ways without necessarily being punished or labeled deviant for exhibiting some masculine traits at the same time. 
B)  During adolescence, boys can be highly pressured to behave in masculine ways without necessarily being punished or labeled deviant for exhibiting some feminine traits at the same time. 
C)  Boys' gender-role socialization does not intensify during adolescence as much as it does for girls because boys' gender-role socialization is very intense from childhood. 
D)  Girls may feel increasingly pressured to dress nicely and to wear makeup when they reach adolescence, but they are not pressured to give up athletics.

Question 3

Which adolescent is most vulnerable to disturbances in self-image?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carol, a 13-year-old female 
B)  Catherine, an 18-year-old female 
C)  Carl, a 13-year-old male 
D)  Carlton, an 18-year-old male 
A)  Carol, a 13-year-old female 
B)  Catherine, an 18-year-old female 
C)  Carl, a 13-year-old male 
D)  Carlton, an 18-year-old male

Question 4

Which of the following adolescent's global self-esteem is most likely affected by his or her academic success?

Accepted Answer

A)  John, a White adolescent 
B)  Mary, an Asian-American adolescent 
C)  Justin, a Mexican-American adolescent 
D)  Virginia, a Black adolescent 
A)  John, a White adolescent 
B)  Mary, an Asian-American adolescent 
C)  Justin, a Mexican-American adolescent 
D)  Virginia, a Black adolescent

Question 5

Based on findings from research studies, compared to older adolescents (15 years and older) and preadolescents (8- to 11-year-olds), which of the following statements about young adolescents' self-esteem, self-consciousness, and self-image is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Early adolescents experience a sharp increase in self-esteem. 
B)  Early adolescents have lower self-esteem. 
C)  Early adolescents are more self-conscious. 
D)  Early adolescents have a more unstable self-image. 
A)  Early adolescents experience a sharp increase in self-esteem. 
B)  Early adolescents have lower self-esteem. 
C)  Early adolescents are more self-conscious. 
D)  Early adolescents have a more unstable self-image.

Question 6

How much do people's personalities differ before and after adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are much different. 
B)  There are a few major changes. 
C)  They remain about the same. 
D)  It's different for everyone. 
A)  They are much different. 
B)  There are a few major changes. 
C)  They remain about the same. 
D)  It's different for everyone.

Question 7

According to the textbook, one of the pathways by which adolescents who feel discriminated against experience negative mental health outcomes is:

Accepted Answer

A)  adolescents who feel discriminated against in school may feel less control over their academic achievement, which may lead to feelings of depression. 
B)  adolescents who feel discriminated against put less effort into their school work, which leads to feelings of worthlessness. 
C)  adolescents who feel discriminated against isolate themselves from their peers. 
D)  adolescents who feel discriminated against are afraid to present their "true self." 
A)  adolescents who feel discriminated against in school may feel less control over their academic achievement, which may lead to feelings of depression. 
B)  adolescents who feel discriminated against put less effort into their school work, which leads to feelings of worthlessness. 
C)  adolescents who feel discriminated against isolate themselves from their peers. 
D)  adolescents who feel discriminated against are afraid to present their "true self."

Question 8

Alice has high academic self-esteem, whereas Loriann has high physical appearance self-esteem. According to the textbook, who will probably have higher overall self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loriann 
B)  Alice 
C)  Loriann and Alice will most likely have equally high self-esteem. 
D)  There is not enough information to answer this question. 
A)  Loriann 
B)  Alice 
C)  Loriann and Alice will most likely have equally high self-esteem. 
D)  There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 9

According to the textbook, feeling discriminated against is predictive of all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  conduct problems. 
B)  depression. 
C)  lower achievement in school. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  conduct problems. 
B)  depression. 
C)  lower achievement in school. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 10

According to the textbook, which of the following is not generally a predictor of self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  academic achievement 
B)  parental love 
C)  supportive friends 
D)  religious affiliation 
A)  academic achievement 
B)  parental love 
C)  supportive friends 
D)  religious affiliation

Question 11

Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how organized someone is?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extroversion 
B)  Agreeableness 
C)  Neuroticism 
D)  Conscientiousness 
A)  Extroversion 
B)  Agreeableness 
C)  Neuroticism 
D)  Conscientiousness

Question 12

Alex suffers from identity diffusion. In addition to problems with identity development, problems with identity diffusion are likely to be reflected in the area(s) of:

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomy. 
B)  intimacy. 
C)  sexuality. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  autonomy. 
B)  intimacy. 
C)  sexuality. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 13

Which of the following is one of the characteristics that distinguish between the adolescent's and the child's self-concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adolescents tend to view the self as involving more dimensions than do children. 
B)  Adolescents distinguish among actual, ideal, and feared selves. 
C)  The adolescent's self varies over time and across situations. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  Adolescents tend to view the self as involving more dimensions than do children. 
B)  Adolescents distinguish among actual, ideal, and feared selves. 
C)  The adolescent's self varies over time and across situations. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 14

What is the best way to conceptualize movement through the four identity states?

Accepted Answer

A)  Progression proceeds through a preconceived, orderly sequence. 
B)  Individuals move from state to state, and not necessarily in an orderly fashion. 
C)  Conflicts in each state must be satisfied before moving to next state. 
D)  Each state has developmental tasks that need to be solved, and failure to successfully navigate a state will halt development. 
A)  Progression proceeds through a preconceived, orderly sequence. 
B)  Individuals move from state to state, and not necessarily in an orderly fashion. 
C)  Conflicts in each state must be satisfied before moving to next state. 
D)  Each state has developmental tasks that need to be solved, and failure to successfully navigate a state will halt development.

Question 15

Have attempts to speed up the identity development process by training individuals to think more about how specific life events have played a role in their development been effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, adolescents can be trained to crystallize their sense of identity. 
B)  No, these training programs have been ineffective. 
C)  The results of these training programs have been mixed. 
D)  Yes, programs that train individuals how to think about specific life events can play a substantial role in the development of female adolescents (but the effect has not been found in a sample of male adolescents). 
A)  Yes, adolescents can be trained to crystallize their sense of identity. 
B)  No, these training programs have been ineffective. 
C)  The results of these training programs have been mixed. 
D)  Yes, programs that train individuals how to think about specific life events can play a substantial role in the development of female adolescents (but the effect has not been found in a sample of male adolescents).

Question 16

What is the immigrant paradox?

Accepted Answer

A)  Foreign-born and first-generation ethnic minority youth perform better in school and are less likely to be involved in delinquent behavior or have physical, emotional, and behavioral problems than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose parents were born in America. 
B)  Foreign-born and first-generation ethnic minority youth perform worse in school and are more likely to be involved in delinquent behavior or have physical, emotional, and behavioral problems than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose parents were born in America. 
C)  Foreign-born and first-generation ethnic minority youth perform worse in school but are less likely to be involved in delinquent behavior or have physical, emotional, and behavioral problems than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose parents were born in America. 
D)  Foreign-born and first-generation ethnic minority youth perform better in school but are more likely to be involved in delinquent behavior or have physical, emotional, and behavioral problems than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose parents were born in America. 
A)  Foreign-born and first-generation ethnic minority youth perform better in school and are less likely to be involved in delinquent behavior or have physical, emotional, and behavioral problems than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose parents were born in America. 
B)  Foreign-born and first-generation ethnic minority youth perform worse in school and are more likely to be involved in delinquent behavior or have physical, emotional, and behavioral problems than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose parents were born in America. 
C)  Foreign-born and first-generation ethnic minority youth perform worse in school but are less likely to be involved in delinquent behavior or have physical, emotional, and behavioral problems than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose parents were born in America. 
D)  Foreign-born and first-generation ethnic minority youth perform better in school but are more likely to be involved in delinquent behavior or have physical, emotional, and behavioral problems than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose parents were born in America.

Question 17

The key to resolving the crisis of identity versus identity diffusion, according to Erikson, is:

Accepted Answer

A)  identity achievement. 
B)  family relationships. 
C)  interactions with others. 
D)  peer relationships. 
A)  identity achievement. 
B)  family relationships. 
C)  interactions with others. 
D)  peer relationships.

Question 18

Sean is an adolescent who frequently engages in false-self behavior and also has low self-esteem. One explanation for these two characteristics is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Sean might be low in self-esteem because he knowingly puts on a false front. 
B)  Sean might engage in false-self behavior because he is low in self-esteem. 
C)  There is no relation between false-self behavior and low self-esteem. 
D)  Sean might be low in self-esteem because he knowingly puts on a false front or he might engage in false-self behavior because he is low in self-esteem. 
A)  Sean might be low in self-esteem because he knowingly puts on a false front. 
B)  Sean might engage in false-self behavior because he is low in self-esteem. 
C)  There is no relation between false-self behavior and low self-esteem. 
D)  Sean might be low in self-esteem because he knowingly puts on a false front or he might engage in false-self behavior because he is low in self-esteem.

Question 19

Dewayne's parents are worried that as he enters adolescence, his self-esteem will greatly decrease. During what time should Dewayne's parents expect the most fluctuations in his self-image?

Accepted Answer

A)  when he is 8-11 years old 
B)  when he is 12-14 years old 
C)  when he is 15-18 years old 
D)  when he is 19-21 years old 
A)  when he is 8-11 years old 
B)  when he is 12-14 years old 
C)  when he is 15-18 years old 
D)  when he is 19-21 years old

Question 20

As adolescents develop, their self-conceptions become more:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative. 
B)  optimistic. 
C)  disorganized. 
D)  differentiated. 
A)  negative. 
B)  optimistic. 
C)  disorganized. 
D)  differentiated.

Across all of the identity development frameworks, what is a common factor related to healthy development?

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the gender intensification hypothesis in adolescence?

Which adolescent is most vulnerable to disturbances in self-image?

Which of the following adolescent's global self-esteem is most likely affected by his or her academic success?

Based on findings from research studies, compared to older adolescents (15 years and older) and preadolescents (8- to 11-year-olds), which of the following statements about young adolescents' self-esteem, self-consciousness, and self-image is false?

How much do people's personalities differ before and after adolescence?

According to the textbook, one of the pathways by which adolescents who feel discriminated against experience negative mental health outcomes is:

Alice has high academic self-esteem, whereas Loriann has high physical appearance self-esteem. According to the textbook, who will probably have higher overall self-esteem?

According to the textbook, feeling discriminated against is predictive of all of the following except:

According to the textbook, which of the following is not generally a predictor of self-esteem?

Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how organized someone is?

Alex suffers from identity diffusion. In addition to problems with identity development, problems with identity diffusion are likely to be reflected in the area(s) of:

Which of the following is one of the characteristics that distinguish between the adolescent's and the child's self-concept?

What is the best way to conceptualize movement through the four identity states?

Have attempts to speed up the identity development process by training individuals to think more about how specific life events have played a role in their development been effective?

What is the immigrant paradox?

The key to resolving the crisis of identity versus identity diffusion, according to Erikson, is:

Sean is an adolescent who frequently engages in false-self behavior and also has low self-esteem. One explanation for these two characteristics is that:

Dewayne's parents are worried that as he enters adolescence, his self-esteem will greatly decrease. During what time should Dewayne's parents expect the most fluctuations in his self-image?

As adolescents develop, their self-conceptions become more:

Biological Transitions

Cognitive Transitions

Social Transitions

Families

Peer Groups

Schools

Work, Leisure, and Media

Autonomy

Intimacy

Sexuality

Achievement

Psychosocial Problems in Adolescence

Filters

Exam 8: Identity

Across all of the identity development frameworks, what is a common factor related to healthy development?

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the gender intensification hypothesis in adolescence?

Which adolescent is most vulnerable to disturbances in self-image?

Which of the following adolescent's global self-esteem is most likely affected by his or her academic success?

Based on findings from research studies, compared to older adolescents (15 years and older) and preadolescents (8- to 11-year-olds), which of the following statements about young adolescents' self-esteem, self-consciousness, and self-image is false?

How much do people's personalities differ before and after adolescence?

According to the textbook, one of the pathways by which adolescents who feel discriminated against experience negative mental health outcomes is:

Alice has high academic self-esteem, whereas Loriann has high physical appearance self-esteem. According to the textbook, who will probably have higher overall self-esteem?

According to the textbook, feeling discriminated against is predictive of all of the following except:

According to the textbook, which of the following is not generally a predictor of self-esteem?

Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how organized someone is?

Alex suffers from identity diffusion. In addition to problems with identity development, problems with identity diffusion are likely to be reflected in the area(s) of:

Which of the following is one of the characteristics that distinguish between the adolescent's and the child's self-concept?

What is the best way to conceptualize movement through the four identity states?

Have attempts to speed up the identity development process by training individuals to think more about how specific life events have played a role in their development been effective?

What is the immigrant paradox?

The key to resolving the crisis of identity versus identity diffusion, according to Erikson, is:

Sean is an adolescent who frequently engages in false-self behavior and also has low self-esteem. One explanation for these two characteristics is that:

Dewayne's parents are worried that as he enters adolescence, his self-esteem will greatly decrease. During what time should Dewayne's parents expect the most fluctuations in his self-image?

As adolescents develop, their self-conceptions become more:

Biological Transitions

Cognitive Transitions

Social Transitions

Families

Peer Groups

Schools

Work, Leisure, and Media

Autonomy

Intimacy

Sexuality

Achievement

Psychosocial Problems in Adolescence

Filters