Question 1

You wish to study reference groups. Which of the following groups would make the best subject for studying reference groups and how they shape identity?

Accepted Answer

A)  a little league team 
B)  workers at a fast-food franchise 
C)  people in line at the division of motor vehicles 
D)  audience members at the movies 
A)  a little league team 
B)  workers at a fast-food franchise 
C)  people in line at the division of motor vehicles 
D)  audience members at the movies

Question 2

What did Christena Nippert-Eng conclude from her study of the stuff people carry around in their wallets?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wallets repel romantic partners, if they contain too much stuff. 
B)  Wallets are toolkits for managing the multiple faces we show others in social interactions. 
C)  Wallets, if made of synthetic material, undermine employment opportunities. 
D)  Wallets with too many credit cards convey troubling messages about indebtedness. 
A)  Wallets repel romantic partners, if they contain too much stuff. 
B)  Wallets are toolkits for managing the multiple faces we show others in social interactions. 
C)  Wallets, if made of synthetic material, undermine employment opportunities. 
D)  Wallets with too many credit cards convey troubling messages about indebtedness.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an informal rule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Not driving while intoxicated. 
B)  Filing tax returns. 
C)  Respecting the needs of children. 
D)  Stopping at red lights. 
A)  Not driving while intoxicated. 
B)  Filing tax returns. 
C)  Respecting the needs of children. 
D)  Stopping at red lights.

Question 4

How does taking turns play out in terms of conversation and laughing?

Accepted Answer

A)  When people do not take turns in conversation or when they laugh, it mars social cohesion. 
B)  When people take turns in conversation but laugh all at once, it aids social cohesion. 
C)  When people take turns laughing, but all talk at once, it contributes to social cohesion. 
D)  Talking contributes to social cohesion, but laughing detracts from social cohesion. 
A)  When people do not take turns in conversation or when they laugh, it mars social cohesion. 
B)  When people take turns in conversation but laugh all at once, it aids social cohesion. 
C)  When people take turns laughing, but all talk at once, it contributes to social cohesion. 
D)  Talking contributes to social cohesion, but laughing detracts from social cohesion.

Question 5

What happens to people who are incapable of viewing rules as flexible guidelines for rational and appropriate behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  They strike people as silly or incompetent. 
B)  They get along better with authority figures than other types of people. 
C)  They become leaders of complex organizations. 
D)  They go more or less unnoticed. 
A)  They strike people as silly or incompetent. 
B)  They get along better with authority figures than other types of people. 
C)  They become leaders of complex organizations. 
D)  They go more or less unnoticed.

Question 6

You are a sociologist who specializes in human behavior in urban areas. Of the following locations, which would be the best area for studying civil inattention?

Accepted Answer

A)  a popular restaurant 
B)  a busy bus line 
C)  the office of a paper company 
D)  a public park 
A)  a popular restaurant 
B)  a busy bus line 
C)  the office of a paper company 
D)  a public park

Question 7

What causes role conflict?

Accepted Answer

We experience role conflict when fulfill

Question 8

Jon views himself as a lazy person who is not very intelligent. His self-perception comes from his overly critical father who continually belittled him when he was growing up. Jon's perception of himself is what a sociologist might refer to as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the looking-glass self 
B)  backstage behavior 
C)  role consistency 
D)  the social construction of reality 
A)  the looking-glass self 
B)  backstage behavior 
C)  role consistency 
D)  the social construction of reality

Question 9

What causes role conflict?

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals failing to compete fairly with others who have the same role 
B)  the expectations of one role preventing the fulfillment of other role expectations 
C)  individuals mistakenly taking on the wrong roles 
D)  individuals intentionally behaving in ways opposite to role expectations 
A)  individuals failing to compete fairly with others who have the same role 
B)  the expectations of one role preventing the fulfillment of other role expectations 
C)  individuals mistakenly taking on the wrong roles 
D)  individuals intentionally behaving in ways opposite to role expectations

Question 10

What did Craig Haney find the impact of solitary confinement to be on inmates in the California prison system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prisoners suffered from numerous physical maladies but did not suffer mentally from solitary confinement. 
B)  Solitary confinement caused no change in the prisoners. 
C)  Prisoners benefited from solitary confinement and were better behaved afterward. 
D)  Prisoners' physical and mental health was negatively impacted; some committed suicide. 
A)  Prisoners suffered from numerous physical maladies but did not suffer mentally from solitary confinement. 
B)  Solitary confinement caused no change in the prisoners. 
C)  Prisoners benefited from solitary confinement and were better behaved afterward. 
D)  Prisoners' physical and mental health was negatively impacted; some committed suicide.

Question 11

When we fail at public social performances, such as accidentally dropping a book in class, how do we repair our mistake?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most people immediately stop what they are doing and launch into a detailed apology. 
B)  Most people signal that all is okay by quietly indicating that they have performed imperfectly. 
C)  Most people go on as though nothing has happened. 
D)  Most people involved in the scene will have an embarrassed reaction. 
A)  Most people immediately stop what they are doing and launch into a detailed apology. 
B)  Most people signal that all is okay by quietly indicating that they have performed imperfectly. 
C)  Most people go on as though nothing has happened. 
D)  Most people involved in the scene will have an embarrassed reaction.

Question 12

What policy change did David Rosenhan's study "Being Sane in Insane Places" lead to?

Accepted Answer

A)  The study contributed to the deinstitutionalization movement. 
B)  The study caused a cultural shift in how mainstream Americans view mental illness. 
C)  The study raised many ethical research concerns, resulting in the establishment of institutional research boards. 
D)  The study renewed long-terminated funding for mental hospitals and other similarly structured institutions. 
A)  The study contributed to the deinstitutionalization movement. 
B)  The study caused a cultural shift in how mainstream Americans view mental illness. 
C)  The study raised many ethical research concerns, resulting in the establishment of institutional research boards. 
D)  The study renewed long-terminated funding for mental hospitals and other similarly structured institutions.

Question 13

According to Randall Collins, the social interactions leading up to physical altercations are usually dictated by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  verbal interaction sequences 
B)  interaction ritual chains 
C)  symbolic interactionism 
D)  ethnocentrism 
A)  verbal interaction sequences 
B)  interaction ritual chains 
C)  symbolic interactionism 
D)  ethnocentrism

Question 14

The morning after a night out with her friends Julie goes on Facebook to look and un-tag some of the pictures her friends posted of her that she doesn't like very much. According to a sociologist who studies the self, what is Julie doing?

Accepted Answer

A)  managing her presentation of self 
B)  damaging our organic solidarity 
C)  engaging in civil inattention 
D)  refuting the looking-glass self 
A)  managing her presentation of self 
B)  damaging our organic solidarity 
C)  engaging in civil inattention 
D)  refuting the looking-glass self

Question 15

As part of your morning routine you eat breakfast, drink a cup of coffee, take a shower, and walk your dog. Which part of this routine is most likely controlled by the voice of the generalized other?

Accepted Answer

A)  eating breakfast 
B)  drinking coffee 
C)  taking a shower 
D)  walking the dog 
A)  eating breakfast 
B)  drinking coffee 
C)  taking a shower 
D)  walking the dog

Question 16

How do our interactions with individuals and groups impact our social development in both adulthood and childhood? Discuss significant others, reference groups, and role models in your answer.

Accepted Answer

Interactions with individuals and social

Question 17

According to Georg Simmel, ignoring someone, out of politeness, who is only inches away from you on a crowded bus is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-presentation 
B)  industrial rudeness 
C)  zeitgeist 
D)  civil inattention 
A)  self-presentation 
B)  industrial rudeness 
C)  zeitgeist 
D)  civil inattention

Question 18

How does social interaction in crowded public places differ from interactions in other settings?

Accepted Answer

A)  When in crowded spaces, we frequently engage in civil inattention to minimize interactions. 
B)  When in crowded spaces, we are required to take into consideration the feelings of all others in the space, even if only on a subconscious level. 
C)  When in crowded spaces, we should ignore each other if people behave rudely. 
D)  When in crowded spaces, we tend to stare more at strangers than in other settings. 
A)  When in crowded spaces, we frequently engage in civil inattention to minimize interactions. 
B)  When in crowded spaces, we are required to take into consideration the feelings of all others in the space, even if only on a subconscious level. 
C)  When in crowded spaces, we should ignore each other if people behave rudely. 
D)  When in crowded spaces, we tend to stare more at strangers than in other settings.

Question 19

You have been tasked with a longitudinal study involving interviews with a group of individuals as they age from 5 to 40. At the onset of the project, you decide it would be helpful to try to predict which children may be later labeled as deviant. Based on the concept of the self-fulfilling prophecy, which child do you predict will be so labeled?

Accepted Answer

A)  Robert really enjoys baseball and is very physically active. He sometimes gets in fights with other children, especially when they do not follow the rules. 
B)  Phillip is a nice boy, but he often eats his crayons and paste. 
C)  Jenny talks a lot during story hour and has trouble sitting still. She often talks over other students and the teacher. 
D)  Susan generally enjoys school and follows directions well. However, she has trouble making friends. 
A)  Robert really enjoys baseball and is very physically active. He sometimes gets in fights with other children, especially when they do not follow the rules. 
B)  Phillip is a nice boy, but he often eats his crayons and paste. 
C)  Jenny talks a lot during story hour and has trouble sitting still. She often talks over other students and the teacher. 
D)  Susan generally enjoys school and follows directions well. However, she has trouble making friends.

Question 20

What happens when individuals follow an organization's formal rules very strictly but disregard its informal rules?

Accepted Answer

A)  Organizations function better and more harmoniously because everyone is happy. 
B)  Productive output increases markedly because more work is getting done. 
C)  Social interaction continues more smoothly because the rules are being followed so closely. 
D)  Organizations suffer because no one is taking the necessary shortcuts to get all of the work done. 
A)  Organizations function better and more harmoniously because everyone is happy. 
B)  Productive output increases markedly because more work is getting done. 
C)  Social interaction continues more smoothly because the rules are being followed so closely. 
D)  Organizations suffer because no one is taking the necessary shortcuts to get all of the work done.

Exam 4: Social Interaction

You wish to study reference groups. Which of the following groups would make the best subject for studying reference groups and how they shape identity?

What did Christena Nippert-Eng conclude from her study of the stuff people carry around in their wallets?

Which of the following is an example of an informal rule?

How does taking turns play out in terms of conversation and laughing?

What happens to people who are incapable of viewing rules as flexible guidelines for rational and appropriate behavior?

You are a sociologist who specializes in human behavior in urban areas. Of the following locations, which would be the best area for studying civil inattention?

What causes role conflict?

Jon views himself as a lazy person who is not very intelligent. His self-perception comes from his overly critical father who continually belittled him when he was growing up. Jon's perception of himself is what a sociologist might refer to as __________.

What causes role conflict?

What did Craig Haney find the impact of solitary confinement to be on inmates in the California prison system?

When we fail at public social performances, such as accidentally dropping a book in class, how do we repair our mistake?

What policy change did David Rosenhan's study "Being Sane in Insane Places" lead to?

According to Randall Collins, the social interactions leading up to physical altercations are usually dictated by __________.

The morning after a night out with her friends Julie goes on Facebook to look and un-tag some of the pictures her friends posted of her that she doesn't like very much. According to a sociologist who studies the self, what is Julie doing?

As part of your morning routine you eat breakfast, drink a cup of coffee, take a shower, and walk your dog. Which part of this routine is most likely controlled by the voice of the generalized other?

How do our interactions with individuals and groups impact our social development in both adulthood and childhood? Discuss significant others, reference groups, and role models in your answer.

According to Georg Simmel, ignoring someone, out of politeness, who is only inches away from you on a crowded bus is an example of __________.

How does social interaction in crowded public places differ from interactions in other settings?

What happens when individuals follow an organization's formal rules very strictly but disregard its informal rules?

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