Question 1

According to the text, current research indicates that creative problem solving

Accepted Answer

A)  draws on mental processes that are distinct from the processes relevant to more ordinary problem solving. 
B)  depends on divergent thinking. 
C)  draws on heuristics and analogies in the same way as does ordinary problem solving. 
D)  requires unconscious work that goes on after one has consciously put the problem to the side. 
A)  draws on mental processes that are distinct from the processes relevant to more ordinary problem solving. 
B)  depends on divergent thinking. 
C)  draws on heuristics and analogies in the same way as does ordinary problem solving. 
D)  requires unconscious work that goes on after one has consciously put the problem to the side.

Question 2

Smith and Blankenship gave participants problems to solve and provided clues. One group was forced to take a break after only 60 seconds of working on the problem. After a 30-second break, they were given another 30 seconds to try to solve the problem. Compared to the group that did not get the break, the incubation group

Accepted Answer

A)  performed worse on the problem-solving task. 
B)  remembered more of the clues. 
C)  remembered fewer clues. 
D)  solved the problems faster. 
A)  performed worse on the problem-solving task. 
B)  remembered more of the clues. 
C)  remembered fewer clues. 
D)  solved the problems faster.

Question 3

Experts have several advantages in problem solving. Which of the following is NOT an advantage mentioned in this textbook?

Accepted Answer

A)  advanced degrees 
B)  at least 10 years of experience 
C)  years of deliberate practice 
D)  more efficient ways of accessing their knowledge 
A)  advanced degrees 
B)  at least 10 years of experience 
C)  years of deliberate practice 
D)  more efficient ways of accessing their knowledge

Question 4

All of the states one can reach in solving a problem together make up the

Accepted Answer

A)  operators. 
B)  pathways. 
C)  problem definition. 
D)  problem space. 
A)  operators. 
B)  pathways. 
C)  problem definition. 
D)  problem space.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a benefit received from using a means-end analysis to solve a problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Means-end highlights the differences between the current state and the goal state. 
B)  It often leads a person to break a problem into subproblems. 
C)  It provides guidelines for what a person should do to solve the problem. 
D)  It encourages the person to move away from the goal initially, so as to get to the goal faster. 
A)  Means-end highlights the differences between the current state and the goal state. 
B)  It often leads a person to break a problem into subproblems. 
C)  It provides guidelines for what a person should do to solve the problem. 
D)  It encourages the person to move away from the goal initially, so as to get to the goal faster.

Question 6

Analogies are

Accepted Answer

A)  often misleading, since an analogy depends on a problem's surface structure. 
B)  relatively ineffective for solving problems, unless the problem is a familiar one. 
C)  an effective way to promote understanding and problem solving. 
D)  relevant only for a narrow set of problems. 
A)  often misleading, since an analogy depends on a problem's surface structure. 
B)  relatively ineffective for solving problems, unless the problem is a familiar one. 
C)  an effective way to promote understanding and problem solving. 
D)  relevant only for a narrow set of problems.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of the nine-dot problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is likely the source of the cliché, "Think outside the box." 
B)  People perform much better when given a hint. 
C)  People often suffer from a type of functional fixedness and fail to see the solution. 
D)  People fail to break out of their problem-solving set. 
A)  It is likely the source of the cliché, "Think outside the box." 
B)  People perform much better when given a hint. 
C)  People often suffer from a type of functional fixedness and fail to see the solution. 
D)  People fail to break out of their problem-solving set.

Question 8

Dr. Smarts is giving a test to a few students in his class. The test is very simple: he presents two objects and asks the students to reply as quickly as possible if they match (yes or no). Student 1 replies faster than student 2. What does this indicate about the students' intelligence levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Student 2 is more intelligent than student 1. 
B)  Student 1 is more intelligent than student 2. 
C)  Both students are likely to have above average intelligence. 
D)  Reaction time on this task is not correlated with intelligence. 
A)  Student 2 is more intelligent than student 1. 
B)  Student 1 is more intelligent than student 2. 
C)  Both students are likely to have above average intelligence. 
D)  Reaction time on this task is not correlated with intelligence.

Question 9

Bob and John are monozygotic twins. Jackson and Lucas are dizygotic twins. Describe how these two sets of twins vary, in terms of genetics, development, and, finally, intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bob and John are monozygotic twins. Jackson...

Question 10

The tendency to be rigid in how one thinks about an object's function is called

Accepted Answer

A)  mental stickiness. 
B)  functional fixedness. 
C)  functional narrowness. 
D)  narrow focus. 
A)  mental stickiness. 
B)  functional fixedness. 
C)  functional narrowness. 
D)  narrow focus.

Question 11

Compared to novices, chess experts are MORE likely to have

Accepted Answer

A)  better memory for the positions of pieces on a chess board if the pieces are arranged in a fashion that respects the rules of chess. 
B)  better memory for the positions of pieces on a chess board, no matter how the pieces are arranged. 
C)  better visual memory in general. 
D)  no memory advantage. 
A)  better memory for the positions of pieces on a chess board if the pieces are arranged in a fashion that respects the rules of chess. 
B)  better memory for the positions of pieces on a chess board, no matter how the pieces are arranged. 
C)  better visual memory in general. 
D)  no memory advantage.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a procedure that makes analogy use more likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants are given two analogous problems, rather than just one, before the test problem. 
B)  Participants are given financial bonuses for each one of the test problems they are able to solve. 
C)  Participants are given several training problems and asked to compare the problems to one another. 
D)  Participants are encouraged to work at understanding the solutions of the training problems so that they can explain the solutions later on. 
A)  Participants are given two analogous problems, rather than just one, before the test problem. 
B)  Participants are given financial bonuses for each one of the test problems they are able to solve. 
C)  Participants are given several training problems and asked to compare the problems to one another. 
D)  Participants are encouraged to work at understanding the solutions of the training problems so that they can explain the solutions later on.

Question 13

Which of the following statements does NOT support the notion that the environment influences intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  IQs are more similar among brothers who are close in age than brothers who are very different in age. 
B)  IQs are more similar among MZ twins than among DZ twins. 
C)  IQs are lower overall among children who come from impoverished environments. 
D)  Changing the environment can lead to an improvement in IQ score. 
A)  IQs are more similar among brothers who are close in age than brothers who are very different in age. 
B)  IQs are more similar among MZ twins than among DZ twins. 
C)  IQs are lower overall among children who come from impoverished environments. 
D)  Changing the environment can lead to an improvement in IQ score.

Question 14

As Vanessa worked on the problem, she reported out loud: "No, that option doesn't seem to work. No, that doesn't work either." Then Vanessa abruptly shouted, "I think I've got it!" These reports seem to capture the phenomenon called

Accepted Answer

A)  illumination. 
B)  incubation. 
C)  preparation. 
D)  representation 
A)  illumination. 
B)  incubation. 
C)  preparation. 
D)  representation

Question 15

Describe the stages of creativity. Include experimental evidence that supports the incubation and illumination stages of this process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the stages of creativity. Include experimental...

Question 16

Expert problem solvers

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on the surface of a problem rather than on its deep structure. 
B)  use analogies less often than do novices. 
C)  tend to categorize problems in terms of their deep structure. 
D)  do not need to rely on mapping in their use of analogies. 
A)  focus on the surface of a problem rather than on its deep structure. 
B)  use analogies less often than do novices. 
C)  tend to categorize problems in terms of their deep structure. 
D)  do not need to rely on mapping in their use of analogies.

Question 17

In order to teach students to be better problem solvers, we should do all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  teach some of the general-purpose heuristics, such as means-end analysis or working backward. 
B)  teach students that it is better to memorize related problems rather than understand them. 
C)  provide students with experience in the relevant domains so that they will have a basis from which to draw analogies. 
D)  encourage students to approach their training with attention to deep structure rather than to surface details. 
A)  teach some of the general-purpose heuristics, such as means-end analysis or working backward. 
B)  teach students that it is better to memorize related problems rather than understand them. 
C)  provide students with experience in the relevant domains so that they will have a basis from which to draw analogies. 
D)  encourage students to approach their training with attention to deep structure rather than to surface details.

Question 18

A problem-solving set

Accepted Answer

A)  is generally a deterrent to problem solving, so one should seek to approach a problem without a set. 
B)  is an obstacle for novice problem solvers but not for experts. 
C)  is crucial for well-defined problems but cannot help with ill-defined problems. 
D)  often helps because the set leads us to ignore a number of options that obviously will not lead to the goal. 
A)  is generally a deterrent to problem solving, so one should seek to approach a problem without a set. 
B)  is an obstacle for novice problem solvers but not for experts. 
C)  is crucial for well-defined problems but cannot help with ill-defined problems. 
D)  often helps because the set leads us to ignore a number of options that obviously will not lead to the goal.

Question 19

How does Einstellung contribute to problem solving? How can it facilitate problem solving? How may it hinder problem solving?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does Einstellung contribute to problem solving?...

Question 20

Dell is trying to solve the "hobbits and orcs" problem, so she must determine how to move the creatures across a river. Dell is most likely to be helped if she has had earlier experience with

Accepted Answer

A)  a problem with a similar deep structure that also involved hobbits and orcs. 
B)  a formally identical problem involving jealous husbands and their wives. 
C)  other problems involving transportation across obstacles. 
D)  problems illustrating the techniques for dealing with river currents. 
A)  a problem with a similar deep structure that also involved hobbits and orcs. 
B)  a formally identical problem involving jealous husbands and their wives. 
C)  other problems involving transportation across obstacles. 
D)  problems illustrating the techniques for dealing with river currents.

According to the text, current research indicates that creative problem solving

Experts have several advantages in problem solving. Which of the following is NOT an advantage mentioned in this textbook?

All of the states one can reach in solving a problem together make up the

Which of the following is NOT a benefit received from using a means-end analysis to solve a problem?

Analogies are

Which of the following is NOT true of the nine-dot problem?

Dr. Smarts is giving a test to a few students in his class. The test is very simple: he presents two objects and asks the students to reply as quickly as possible if they match (yes or no). Student 1 replies faster than student 2. What does this indicate about the students' intelligence levels?

Bob and John are monozygotic twins. Jackson and Lucas are dizygotic twins. Describe how these two sets of twins vary, in terms of genetics, development, and, finally, intelligence.

The tendency to be rigid in how one thinks about an object's function is called

Compared to novices, chess experts are MORE likely to have

Which of the following is NOT a procedure that makes analogy use more likely?

Which of the following statements does NOT support the notion that the environment influences intelligence?

As Vanessa worked on the problem, she reported out loud: "No, that option doesn't seem to work. No, that doesn't work either." Then Vanessa abruptly shouted, "I think I've got it!" These reports seem to capture the phenomenon called

Describe the stages of creativity. Include experimental evidence that supports the incubation and illumination stages of this process.

Expert problem solvers

In order to teach students to be better problem solvers, we should do all of the following EXCEPT

A problem-solving set

How does Einstellung contribute to problem solving? How can it facilitate problem solving? How may it hinder problem solving?

Dell is trying to solve the "hobbits and orcs" problem, so she must determine how to move the creatures across a river. Dell is most likely to be helped if she has had earlier experience with

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Working-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Language

Visual Knowledge

Judgment and Reasoning

Conscious Thought, Unconscious Thought

Filters

Exam 12: Problem Solving and Intelligence

According to the text, current research indicates that creative problem solving

Experts have several advantages in problem solving. Which of the following is NOT an advantage mentioned in this textbook?

All of the states one can reach in solving a problem together make up the

Which of the following is NOT a benefit received from using a means-end analysis to solve a problem?

Analogies are

Which of the following is NOT true of the nine-dot problem?

Dr. Smarts is giving a test to a few students in his class. The test is very simple: he presents two objects and asks the students to reply as quickly as possible if they match (yes or no). Student 1 replies faster than student 2. What does this indicate about the students' intelligence levels?

Bob and John are monozygotic twins. Jackson and Lucas are dizygotic twins. Describe how these two sets of twins vary, in terms of genetics, development, and, finally, intelligence.

The tendency to be rigid in how one thinks about an object's function is called

Compared to novices, chess experts are MORE likely to have

Which of the following is NOT a procedure that makes analogy use more likely?

Which of the following statements does NOT support the notion that the environment influences intelligence?

As Vanessa worked on the problem, she reported out loud: "No, that option doesn't seem to work. No, that doesn't work either." Then Vanessa abruptly shouted, "I think I've got it!" These reports seem to capture the phenomenon called

Describe the stages of creativity. Include experimental evidence that supports the incubation and illumination stages of this process.

Expert problem solvers

In order to teach students to be better problem solvers, we should do all of the following EXCEPT

A problem-solving set

How does Einstellung contribute to problem solving? How can it facilitate problem solving? How may it hinder problem solving?

Dell is trying to solve the "hobbits and orcs" problem, so she must determine how to move the creatures across a river. Dell is most likely to be helped if she has had earlier experience with

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Working-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Language

Visual Knowledge

Judgment and Reasoning

Conscious Thought, Unconscious Thought

Filters