Question 1

A feature net is a

Accepted Answer

A)  network of cognitive "detectors" organized in hierarchical layers. 
B)  collective of features used to describe an object's form. 
C)  netlike structure of brain cells designed to detect features. 
D)  conceptualization of how features are visually related to one another. 
A)  network of cognitive "detectors" organized in hierarchical layers. 
B)  collective of features used to describe an object's form. 
C)  netlike structure of brain cells designed to detect features. 
D)  conceptualization of how features are visually related to one another.

Question 2

According to the recognition by components (RBC) model, geons are NOT

Accepted Answer

A)  simple shapes. 
B)  viewpoint independent. 
C)  always easy to identify. 
D)  capable of identification if they are partially obstructed. 
A)  simple shapes. 
B)  viewpoint independent. 
C)  always easy to identify. 
D)  capable of identification if they are partially obstructed.

Question 3

The Necker cube is an example of an ambiguous figure. Which of the following statements regarding the cube is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The information given in the drawing does not cause perception of the cube in one orientation over the other. 
B)  The lines on the page are neutral in regard to the shape's configuration in depth. 
C)  The lines on the page contradict one another and so a cube can never be perceived. 
D)  There is more than one perceptual interpretation of the cube's orientation. 
A)  The information given in the drawing does not cause perception of the cube in one orientation over the other. 
B)  The lines on the page are neutral in regard to the shape's configuration in depth. 
C)  The lines on the page contradict one another and so a cube can never be perceived. 
D)  There is more than one perceptual interpretation of the cube's orientation.

Question 4

Participants are shown the letter-string TPUM for 30 ms and asked to identify what they saw. If they are going to answer incorrectly, which response are they most likely to give?

Accepted Answer

A)  I did not see anything presented. 
B)  OPUM 
C)  TRUM 
D)  TMPU 
A)  I did not see anything presented. 
B)  OPUM 
C)  TRUM 
D)  TMPU

Question 5

English nonwords (e.g., "HICE") are easier to perceive than strings of letters not resembling English words (e.g., "RSFK") because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are encountered more often. 
B)  bigram detectors for more common letter combinations fire more readily. 
C)  they are more distinctive. 
D)  word detectors will respond to near-words as well as true words. 
A)  they are encountered more often. 
B)  bigram detectors for more common letter combinations fire more readily. 
C)  they are more distinctive. 
D)  word detectors will respond to near-words as well as true words.

Question 6

Participants' recognition thresholds are

Accepted Answer

A)  lower for frequently seen words. 
B)  higher for recently seen words. 
C)  not affected by priming. 
D)  lower for highly unusual words. 
A)  lower for frequently seen words. 
B)  higher for recently seen words. 
C)  not affected by priming. 
D)  lower for highly unusual words.

Question 7

The "word-superiority effect" refers to the fact that it is easier to recognize

Accepted Answer

A)  short (three- or four-letter) words than long words. 
B)  a letter within the context of a word than it is to recognize a letter presented by itself. 
C)  a word presented in a phrase than it is to recognize a word presented by itself. 
D)  words that are frequently used under tachistoscopic conditions. 
A)  short (three- or four-letter) words than long words. 
B)  a letter within the context of a word than it is to recognize a letter presented by itself. 
C)  a word presented in a phrase than it is to recognize a word presented by itself. 
D)  words that are frequently used under tachistoscopic conditions.

Question 8

Compare and contrast the models of object recognition (McClelland and Rumelhart, geons, and multiple views).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the models of object...

Question 9

McClelland and Rumelhart's model of word recognition suggests detectors on separate levels can interact in a bidirectional manner. Biological evidence _____ this notion because _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  supports; visual processing is bidirectional 
B)  supports; there is parallel processing in the visual system 
C)  does not support; visual processing is an entirely bottom-up process 
D)  does not support; word recognition does not depend on visual processing 
A)  supports; visual processing is bidirectional 
B)  supports; there is parallel processing in the visual system 
C)  does not support; visual processing is an entirely bottom-up process 
D)  does not support; word recognition does not depend on visual processing

Question 10

One type of error that can result from feature nets is overregularization. Is overregularization a significant problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes; it leads to many errors. 
B)  Yes; not many errors occur, but they are really devastating. 
C)  No; these errors are infrequent and usually not problematic. 
D)  No; these errors occur often, but are small and easily corrected. 
A)  Yes; it leads to many errors. 
B)  Yes; not many errors occur, but they are really devastating. 
C)  No; these errors are infrequent and usually not problematic. 
D)  No; these errors occur often, but are small and easily corrected.

Question 11

One might propose that pattern recognition begins with the identification of simple elements; these are then added together, like tiles within a mosaic, to allow recognition of the large-scale pattern. Which of the following statements is MOST problematic for this proposal?

Accepted Answer

A)  The elements identified within a pattern can be changed dramatically by a change in context. 
B)  Patterns can be identified even when viewed from a novel distance. 
C)  Many variations on a single pattern can be recognized, despite differences from one variation to the next. 
D)  Patterns can be identified even when viewed from a novel orientation. 
A)  The elements identified within a pattern can be changed dramatically by a change in context. 
B)  Patterns can be identified even when viewed from a novel distance. 
C)  Many variations on a single pattern can be recognized, despite differences from one variation to the next. 
D)  Patterns can be identified even when viewed from a novel orientation.

Question 12

Compared to detectors that have not fired recently, a detector that HAS fired recently is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  be at a higher position within the network of detectors. 
B)  have a higher response threshold. 
C)  have a higher activation level. 
D)  require more priming in order to fire. 
A)  be at a higher position within the network of detectors. 
B)  have a higher response threshold. 
C)  have a higher activation level. 
D)  require more priming in order to fire.

Question 13

In a tachistoscopic procedure, participants are shown the sequence NACL. Evidence indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  the distinctive letter pattern in the sequence will help participants recognize the sequence. 
B)  the familiarity of the sequence (i.e., the chemical formula for table salt) will help participants recognize the sequence. 
C)  participants are likely to misperceive the sequence, reading it as if it were a common letter pattern, such as NAIL. 
D)  participants will be unable to organize the letters, and therefore they will only perceive some of the sequence's features, not the large-scale units. 
A)  the distinctive letter pattern in the sequence will help participants recognize the sequence. 
B)  the familiarity of the sequence (i.e., the chemical formula for table salt) will help participants recognize the sequence. 
C)  participants are likely to misperceive the sequence, reading it as if it were a common letter pattern, such as NAIL. 
D)  participants will be unable to organize the letters, and therefore they will only perceive some of the sequence's features, not the large-scale units.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is NOT true for feature-based models of pattern recognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Features, as general-purpose building blocks, can help explain how humans recognize variations on a form (e.g., a cat in different positions or a letter in different type fonts). 
B)  The visual system identifies small pieces of a pattern first and then combines them to form more complex wholes. 
C)  Studies using people with parietal damage suggest that the detection of features is separate from the process to put the features together. 
D)  The term "features" can also be used to describe a distinct object made up of several parts. 
A)  Features, as general-purpose building blocks, can help explain how humans recognize variations on a form (e.g., a cat in different positions or a letter in different type fonts). 
B)  The visual system identifies small pieces of a pattern first and then combines them to form more complex wholes. 
C)  Studies using people with parietal damage suggest that the detection of features is separate from the process to put the features together. 
D)  The term "features" can also be used to describe a distinct object made up of several parts.

Question 15

In tachistoscopic recognition, participants often make overregularization errors. These are errors in which participants

Accepted Answer

A)  perceive a word as pertaining to their personal experiences even when the word is relatively neutral. 
B)  perceive a word as being related to the previous word when in fact it is not. 
C)  are shown a frequently used word but perceive it as an infrequently used word. 
D)  are shown a pattern such as MJLK but perceive it as MILK. 
A)  perceive a word as pertaining to their personal experiences even when the word is relatively neutral. 
B)  perceive a word as being related to the previous word when in fact it is not. 
C)  are shown a frequently used word but perceive it as an infrequently used word. 
D)  are shown a pattern such as MJLK but perceive it as MILK.

Question 16

The form of brain damage identified as prosopagnosia is primarily characterized by an inability to

Accepted Answer

A)  recognize faces. 
B)  comprehend written text. 
C)  identify inverted stimuli even though perception of upright stimuli seems normal. 
D)  identify familiar voices. 
A)  recognize faces. 
B)  comprehend written text. 
C)  identify inverted stimuli even though perception of upright stimuli seems normal. 
D)  identify familiar voices.

Question 17

"Bottom-up" (or "data-driven") mechanisms are

Accepted Answer

A)  the scientific process in which all claims must be rooted in well-established biological evidence. 
B)  mechanisms for which activity is primarily triggered and shaped by the incoming stimulus information. 
C)  mechanisms for which activity is influenced by thoughts provided by the individual. 
D)  the process by which researchers seek to develop new theories by paying close attention to the available data. 
A)  the scientific process in which all claims must be rooted in well-established biological evidence. 
B)  mechanisms for which activity is primarily triggered and shaped by the incoming stimulus information. 
C)  mechanisms for which activity is influenced by thoughts provided by the individual. 
D)  the process by which researchers seek to develop new theories by paying close attention to the available data.

Question 18

It is suggested that features have special status. Which of the following findings does NOT support this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Figures with single features are detected very easily in visual search tasks. 
B)  People with integrative agnosia can detect features but cannot combine them. 
C)  Feature recognition is separate and occurs before recognition of objects. 
D)  Perception of features changes based on the perceiver's expectations but perception of objects does not. 
A)  Figures with single features are detected very easily in visual search tasks. 
B)  People with integrative agnosia can detect features but cannot combine them. 
C)  Feature recognition is separate and occurs before recognition of objects. 
D)  Perception of features changes based on the perceiver's expectations but perception of objects does not.

Question 19

Participants in a tachistoscopic procedure are shown the sequence CQRN. Participants misperceive this string as CORN. In a feature-net account, which of the following statements probably does NOT contribute to this effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  O is a more frequently used letter in English than is Q. Therefore, the O-detector is better primed. 
B)  CO is a more frequent letter pair in English than CQ. Therefore, the CO-detector is better primed. 
C)  A well-primed bigram detector will fire even if the letter detectors feeding into that bigram detector are firing weakly. 
D)  Feature nets are generally unable to identify nonwords. 
A)  O is a more frequently used letter in English than is Q. Therefore, the O-detector is better primed. 
B)  CO is a more frequent letter pair in English than CQ. Therefore, the CO-detector is better primed. 
C)  A well-primed bigram detector will fire even if the letter detectors feeding into that bigram detector are firing weakly. 
D)  Feature nets are generally unable to identify nonwords.

Question 20

The efficiency of a feature-net model occasionally leads to errors. We could avoid making word-recognition mistakes if we scrutinized each letter. Why is this a suboptimal strategy (and not the one we use)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reading would be very slow. 
B)  We do not have the attentional resources to scrutinize every letter. 
C)  The visual system would be overwhelmed. 
D)  Letters are easy to discriminate from one another. 
A)  Reading would be very slow. 
B)  We do not have the attentional resources to scrutinize every letter. 
C)  The visual system would be overwhelmed. 
D)  Letters are easy to discriminate from one another.

A feature net is a

According to the recognition by components (RBC) model, geons are NOT

The Necker cube is an example of an ambiguous figure. Which of the following statements regarding the cube is NOT true?

Participants are shown the letter-string TPUM for 30 ms and asked to identify what they saw. If they are going to answer incorrectly, which response are they most likely to give?

English nonwords (e.g., "HICE") are easier to perceive than strings of letters not resembling English words (e.g., "RSFK") because

Participants' recognition thresholds are

The "word-superiority effect" refers to the fact that it is easier to recognize

Compare and contrast the models of object recognition (McClelland and Rumelhart, geons, and multiple views).

McClelland and Rumelhart's model of word recognition suggests detectors on separate levels can interact in a bidirectional manner. Biological evidence _ this notion because _.

One type of error that can result from feature nets is overregularization. Is overregularization a significant problem?

One might propose that pattern recognition begins with the identification of simple elements; these are then added together, like tiles within a mosaic, to allow recognition of the large-scale pattern. Which of the following statements is MOST problematic for this proposal?

Compared to detectors that have not fired recently, a detector that HAS fired recently is likely to

In a tachistoscopic procedure, participants are shown the sequence NACL. Evidence indicates that

Which of the following statements is NOT true for feature-based models of pattern recognition?

In tachistoscopic recognition, participants often make overregularization errors. These are errors in which participants

The form of brain damage identified as prosopagnosia is primarily characterized by an inability to

"Bottom-up" (or "data-driven") mechanisms are

It is suggested that features have special status. Which of the following findings does NOT support this hypothesis?

Participants in a tachistoscopic procedure are shown the sequence CQRN. Participants misperceive this string as CORN. In a feature-net account, which of the following statements probably does NOT contribute to this effect?

The efficiency of a feature-net model occasionally leads to errors. We could avoid making word-recognition mistakes if we scrutinized each letter. Why is this a suboptimal strategy (and not the one we use)?

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Working-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Language

Visual Knowledge

Judgment and Reasoning

Problem Solving and Intelligence

Conscious Thought, Unconscious Thought

Filters

Exam 3: Recognizing Objects

A feature net is a

According to the recognition by components (RBC) model, geons are NOT

The Necker cube is an example of an ambiguous figure. Which of the following statements regarding the cube is NOT true?

Participants are shown the letter-string TPUM for 30 ms and asked to identify what they saw. If they are going to answer incorrectly, which response are they most likely to give?

English nonwords (e.g., "HICE") are easier to perceive than strings of letters not resembling English words (e.g., "RSFK") because

Participants' recognition thresholds are

The "word-superiority effect" refers to the fact that it is easier to recognize

Compare and contrast the models of object recognition (McClelland and Rumelhart, geons, and multiple views).

McClelland and Rumelhart's model of word recognition suggests detectors on separate levels can interact in a bidirectional manner. Biological evidence _____ this notion because _____.

One type of error that can result from feature nets is overregularization. Is overregularization a significant problem?

One might propose that pattern recognition begins with the identification of simple elements; these are then added together, like tiles within a mosaic, to allow recognition of the large-scale pattern. Which of the following statements is MOST problematic for this proposal?

Compared to detectors that have not fired recently, a detector that HAS fired recently is likely to

In a tachistoscopic procedure, participants are shown the sequence NACL. Evidence indicates that

Which of the following statements is NOT true for feature-based models of pattern recognition?

In tachistoscopic recognition, participants often make overregularization errors. These are errors in which participants

The form of brain damage identified as prosopagnosia is primarily characterized by an inability to

"Bottom-up" (or "data-driven") mechanisms are

It is suggested that features have special status. Which of the following findings does NOT support this hypothesis?

Participants in a tachistoscopic procedure are shown the sequence CQRN. Participants misperceive this string as CORN. In a feature-net account, which of the following statements probably does NOT contribute to this effect?

The efficiency of a feature-net model occasionally leads to errors. We could avoid making word-recognition mistakes if we scrutinized each letter. Why is this a suboptimal strategy (and not the one we use)?

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Working-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Language

Visual Knowledge

Judgment and Reasoning

Problem Solving and Intelligence

Conscious Thought, Unconscious Thought

Filters

McClelland and Rumelhart's model of word recognition suggests detectors on separate levels can interact in a bidirectional manner. Biological evidence _ this notion because _.