Question 1

The transformation of high-grade metamorphic rocks into low-grade metamorphic rocks is termed ________ metamorphism.

Accepted Answer

A)  foliated 
B)  prograde 
C)  retrograde 
D)  dynamic 
A)  foliated 
B)  prograde 
C)  retrograde 
D)  dynamic C

Question 2

In the formation of gneiss from a granite protolith,distinctive compositional bands form because of

Accepted Answer

A)  crystals migrating within the rock. 
B)  crystals dissolving,with atoms and ions migrating and reorganizing as new crystals. 
C)  crystals melting,with new crystals solidifying in color bands. 
D)  chemical reactions with groundwater. 
A)  crystals migrating within the rock. 
B)  crystals dissolving,with atoms and ions migrating and reorganizing as new crystals. 
C)  crystals melting,with new crystals solidifying in color bands. 
D)  chemical reactions with groundwater. B

Question 3

Consult the figure below.Hot water reacting with the crust is the basis for what type of metamorphism?

Accepted Answer

A)  contact 
B)  hydrothermal 
C)  regional 
D)  shock 
A)  contact 
B)  hydrothermal 
C)  regional 
D)  shock B

Question 4

Within a single mountain range,

Accepted Answer

A)  only low-grade metamorphic rocks are likely to be found. 
B)  only high-grade metamorphic rocks are likely to be found. 
C)  only nonfoliated metamorphic rocks are likely to be found. 
D)  it is possible to find a variety of metamorphic rocks produced in distinct facies,including high-,intermediate-,and low-grade rocks. 
A)  only low-grade metamorphic rocks are likely to be found. 
B)  only high-grade metamorphic rocks are likely to be found. 
C)  only nonfoliated metamorphic rocks are likely to be found. 
D)  it is possible to find a variety of metamorphic rocks produced in distinct facies,including high-,intermediate-,and low-grade rocks.

Question 5

Consult the figure below.Compared with low-grade metamorphic rocks,high-grade rocks

Accepted Answer

A)  always contain more quartz and feldspar. 
B)  are produced closer to the surface. 
C)  are produced at greater temperatures and pressures. 
D)  are produced at cooler temperatures but greater pressures. 
A)  always contain more quartz and feldspar. 
B)  are produced closer to the surface. 
C)  are produced at greater temperatures and pressures. 
D)  are produced at cooler temperatures but greater pressures.

Question 6

Which of the following processes are NOT involved in metamorphism?

Accepted Answer

A)  contact with a hot pluton 
B)  contact with hydrothermal fluids 
C)  heat and pressure associated with deep burial 
D)  cementation and compaction of grains during diagenesis 
A)  contact with a hot pluton 
B)  contact with hydrothermal fluids 
C)  heat and pressure associated with deep burial 
D)  cementation and compaction of grains during diagenesis

Question 7

________ commonly serves as a protolith in the formation of marble.

Accepted Answer

A)  Limestone 
B)  Sandstone 
C)  Shale 
D)  Gneiss 
A)  Limestone 
B)  Sandstone 
C)  Shale 
D)  Gneiss

Question 8

Marble and quartzite are nonfoliated metamorphic rocks because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are never found beneath fault zones or collisional mountain ranges. 
B)  both are dominated by minerals that produce equant grains. 
C)  both are dominated by minerals with crystalline structures that cannot be dissolved. 
D)  dynamothermal metamorphism can break down the structures of their constituent minerals,but the minerals are unstable in that metamorphic environment. 
A)  they are never found beneath fault zones or collisional mountain ranges. 
B)  both are dominated by minerals that produce equant grains. 
C)  both are dominated by minerals with crystalline structures that cannot be dissolved. 
D)  dynamothermal metamorphism can break down the structures of their constituent minerals,but the minerals are unstable in that metamorphic environment.

Question 9

Mylonites,formed from dynamic metamorphism,typically do NOT display

Accepted Answer

A)  foliation roughly parallel to a fault. 
B)  very fine grains. 
C)  shear zones. 
D)  bands of randomly oriented mica grains. 
A)  foliation roughly parallel to a fault. 
B)  very fine grains. 
C)  shear zones. 
D)  bands of randomly oriented mica grains.

Question 10

Which of the following is a primary difference between phyllite and schist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Schist contains mica,whereas phyllite contains only clay. 
B)  Phyllite contains mica,whereas schist contains only clay. 
C)  Mica crystals within schist are larger than those within phyllite. 
D)  Mica crystals within phyllite are larger than those within schist. 
A)  Schist contains mica,whereas phyllite contains only clay. 
B)  Phyllite contains mica,whereas schist contains only clay. 
C)  Mica crystals within schist are larger than those within phyllite. 
D)  Mica crystals within phyllite are larger than those within schist.

Question 11

Precambrian metamorphic rocks are exposed at the surface

Accepted Answer

A)  on Mars and Venus but not on Earth. 
B)  at places in continental interiors (called platforms). 
C)  at places in continental interiors (called shields). 
D)  at the bottom of the deep sea. 
A)  on Mars and Venus but not on Earth. 
B)  at places in continental interiors (called platforms). 
C)  at places in continental interiors (called shields). 
D)  at the bottom of the deep sea.

Question 12

The preexisting rock that is subsequently altered to form a metamorphic rock is termed a

Accepted Answer

A)  xenolith. 
B)  source rock. 
C)  protolith. 
D)  phenocryst. 
A)  xenolith. 
B)  source rock. 
C)  protolith. 
D)  phenocryst.

Question 13

The rapid,deep burial of sediments in an accretionary prism leads to the formation of a metamorphic rock termed

Accepted Answer

A)  blueschist. 
B)  greenschist. 
C)  migmatite. 
D)  gneiss. 
A)  blueschist. 
B)  greenschist. 
C)  migmatite. 
D)  gneiss.

Question 14

Slaty cleavage,schistosity,and compositional banding are all examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  mineral cleavage. 
B)  foliation. 
C)  recrystallization. 
D)  metamorphic facies. 
A)  mineral cleavage. 
B)  foliation. 
C)  recrystallization. 
D)  metamorphic facies.

Question 15

Metamorphism includes a solid-state change in a rock caused by heat,pressure,and/or hydrothermal fluids.Explain what is meant by solid-state change.

Accepted Answer

A solid-state change takes place when al

Question 16

________ metamorphism affects the greatest volumes of rock and produces the greatest variety in metamorphic rock types.

Accepted Answer

A)  Thermal 
B)  Regional 
C)  Dynamic 
D)  Shock 
A)  Thermal 
B)  Regional 
C)  Dynamic 
D)  Shock

Question 17

Thermal (contact)metamorphism occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  in areas surrounding igneous intrusions. 
B)  only where gneiss sits in contact with schist. 
C)  as a consequence of the sinking of a broad region to great depth. 
D)  only at the surface,where rock is in contact with the atmosphere. 
A)  in areas surrounding igneous intrusions. 
B)  only where gneiss sits in contact with schist. 
C)  as a consequence of the sinking of a broad region to great depth. 
D)  only at the surface,where rock is in contact with the atmosphere.

Question 18

Dynamothermal (regional)metamorphism occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  rock becomes deeply buried during continental collision and mountain building. 
B)  regression of the sea leads to erosion of sedimentary cover on a body of rock. 
C)  the upper surface of a body of rock develops a thick soil profile. 
D)  a pluton causes metamorphism in a small surrounding region. 
A)  rock becomes deeply buried during continental collision and mountain building. 
B)  regression of the sea leads to erosion of sedimentary cover on a body of rock. 
C)  the upper surface of a body of rock develops a thick soil profile. 
D)  a pluton causes metamorphism in a small surrounding region.

Question 19

A buried body of shale is subjected to differential stress,causing clay minerals to realign and produce slate.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  diagenesis. 
B)  erosion. 
C)  metamorphism. 
D)  weathering. 
A)  diagenesis. 
B)  erosion. 
C)  metamorphism. 
D)  weathering.

Question 20

A mineral within a metamorphic rock that can be used to narrowly constrain the temperature and pressure of rock formation is termed a (n)________ mineral.

Accepted Answer

A)  thermal 
B)  index 
C)  mafic 
D)  halide 
A)  thermal 
B)  index 
C)  mafic 
D)  halide

Exam 8: Metamorphism: a Process of Change

The transformation of high-grade metamorphic rocks into low-grade metamorphic rocks is termed ________ metamorphism.

In the formation of gneiss from a granite protolith,distinctive compositional bands form because of

Consult the figure below.Hot water reacting with the crust is the basis for what type of metamorphism?

Within a single mountain range,

Consult the figure below.Compared with low-grade metamorphic rocks,high-grade rocks

Which of the following processes are NOT involved in metamorphism?

________ commonly serves as a protolith in the formation of marble.

Marble and quartzite are nonfoliated metamorphic rocks because

Mylonites,formed from dynamic metamorphism,typically do NOT display

Which of the following is a primary difference between phyllite and schist?

Precambrian metamorphic rocks are exposed at the surface

The preexisting rock that is subsequently altered to form a metamorphic rock is termed a

The rapid,deep burial of sediments in an accretionary prism leads to the formation of a metamorphic rock termed

Slaty cleavage,schistosity,and compositional banding are all examples of

Metamorphism includes a solid-state change in a rock caused by heat,pressure,and/or hydrothermal fluids.Explain what is meant by solid-state change.

________ metamorphism affects the greatest volumes of rock and produces the greatest variety in metamorphic rock types.

Thermal (contact)metamorphism occurs

Dynamothermal (regional)metamorphism occurs when

A buried body of shale is subjected to differential stress,causing clay minerals to realign and produce slate.This is an example of

A mineral within a metamorphic rock that can be used to narrowly constrain the temperature and pressure of rock formation is termed a (n)________ mineral.

Cosmology and the Birth of the Earth

Journey to the Center of the Earth

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of the Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

An Envelope of Gas: the Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

a Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

the Rock Cycle in the Earth System

the Earths Interior, Revisited: Seismic Layering, Gravity, and the Magnetic Field

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Prelude: and Just What Is Geology

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