Question 1

The broad flat regions that occupy most of the ocean floor are

Accepted Answer

A)  abyssal plains. 
B)  continental rises. 
C)  fracture zones. 
D)  seamounts. 
A)  abyssal plains. 
B)  continental rises. 
C)  fracture zones. 
D)  seamounts. A

Question 2

The apparent tendency of the north (or south)magnetic pole to vary in position over time is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  dipole. 
B)  magnetic declination. 
C)  magnetic inclination. 
D)  polar wander. 
A)  dipole. 
B)  magnetic declination. 
C)  magnetic inclination. 
D)  polar wander. D

Question 3

The discovery that each continent had different and separate apparent polar-wander paths,such as those in the figure below,proved that

Accepted Answer

A)  the continents move. 
B)  the poles move. 
C)  both the poles and continents move,but only one at a time. 
D)  both the poles and continents move,and do so together. 
A)  the continents move. 
B)  the poles move. 
C)  both the poles and continents move,but only one at a time. 
D)  both the poles and continents move,and do so together. A

Question 4

Describe patterns of sedimentation on the seafloor.What can be learned from this?

Accepted Answer

Seafloor sediments are too thin to have

Question 5

What evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support his continental-drift hypothesis? Was the evidence compelling? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Wegener's evidence for his continental-d

Question 6

What is a magnetic anomaly? What is the difference between a positive and negative anomaly?

Accepted Answer

The term magnetic anomaly refers to the

Question 7

According to the figure below,marine magnetic anomalies lay roughly ________ to mid-ocean ridges.

Accepted Answer

A)  perpendicular 
B)  parallel 
C)  adjacent 
D)  at an obtuse angle 
A)  perpendicular 
B)  parallel 
C)  adjacent 
D)  at an obtuse angle

Question 8

As shown below,Wegener proposed continental drift after he observed evidence from fossils,glacial deposits,and the fit of the continents that suggested all of the continents were once

Accepted Answer

A)  aligned north to south along the prime meridian. 
B)  aligned east to west along the equator. 
C)  combined to form a supercontinent he termed Rodinia. 
D)  combined to form a supercontinent he termed Pangaea. 
A)  aligned north to south along the prime meridian. 
B)  aligned east to west along the equator. 
C)  combined to form a supercontinent he termed Rodinia. 
D)  combined to form a supercontinent he termed Pangaea.

Question 9

Beneath a blanket of sediments,oceanic crust is primarily composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  granite. 
B)  basalt. 
C)  limestone. 
D)  coal. 
A)  granite. 
B)  basalt. 
C)  limestone. 
D)  coal.

Question 10

If you were using both a compass and a map marked with latitude and longitude to navigate,you might note the angle difference between your compass and what is marked on the map,called

Accepted Answer

A)  magnetic inclination. 
B)  magnetic declination. 
C)  magnetic dipole. 
D)  magnetic reversal. 
A)  magnetic inclination. 
B)  magnetic declination. 
C)  magnetic dipole. 
D)  magnetic reversal.

Question 11

Marine magnetic anomaly belts run parallel to

Accepted Answer

A)  mid-ocean ridges. 
B)  fracture zones. 
C)  continental coastlines. 
D)  continental shelves. 
A)  mid-ocean ridges. 
B)  fracture zones. 
C)  continental coastlines. 
D)  continental shelves.

Question 12

Regions of the sea floor with negative magnetic anomalies were formed during times when the Earth's magnetic field

Accepted Answer

A)  was exceptionally strong. 
B)  was exceptionally weak. 
C)  had normal polarity. 
D)  had reversed polarity. 
A)  was exceptionally strong. 
B)  was exceptionally weak. 
C)  had normal polarity. 
D)  had reversed polarity.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the distribution of earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They tend to occur randomly on the continents. 
B)  They tend to occur randomly in the ocean basins. 
C)  They tend to occur randomly both on the continents and in ocean basins. 
D)  They occur in distinct zones. 
A)  They tend to occur randomly on the continents. 
B)  They tend to occur randomly in the ocean basins. 
C)  They tend to occur randomly both on the continents and in ocean basins. 
D)  They occur in distinct zones.

Question 14

The majority of new oceanic crust is created

Accepted Answer

A)  at subduction zones. 
B)  along fracture zones. 
C)  at mid-ocean ridges. 
D)  by ocean island volcanism. 
A)  at subduction zones. 
B)  along fracture zones. 
C)  at mid-ocean ridges. 
D)  by ocean island volcanism.

Question 15

Regions of the sea floor with positive magnetic anomalies were formed during times when the Earth's magnetic field

Accepted Answer

A)  was exceptionally strong. 
B)  was exceptionally weak. 
C)  had normal polarity. 
D)  had reversed polarity. 
A)  was exceptionally strong. 
B)  was exceptionally weak. 
C)  had normal polarity. 
D)  had reversed polarity.

Question 16

Sketch a simplified cross-section of the ocean floor for both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.Be sure to label the mid-ocean ridge,abyssal plains,and deep-sea trenches.How are the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans different with regard to seafloor spreading? What tectonic process dominates in each ocean basin?

Accepted Answer

@#IMG-DLM& @#IMG-DLM& The Mid-Atlantic Ridge runs

Question 17

Wegener's evidence for a united Pangaea comes from the fossil record of which type of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  plant pollen 
B)  plankton 
C)  marine animals 
D)  land animals 
A)  plant pollen 
B)  plankton 
C)  marine animals 
D)  land animals

Question 18

The polarity of the Earth's magnetic field in the geologic past is

Accepted Answer

A)  unknown,but is assumed to have been identical to today's. 
B)  known to have stayed constant through geologic time,as shown by remnant magnetization of iron-rich minerals in rocks. 
C)  known to have experienced numerous reversals,as shown by remnant magnetization of iron-rich minerals in rocks. 
D)  known to have stayed constant through time,based on theoretical calculations. 
A)  unknown,but is assumed to have been identical to today's. 
B)  known to have stayed constant through geologic time,as shown by remnant magnetization of iron-rich minerals in rocks. 
C)  known to have experienced numerous reversals,as shown by remnant magnetization of iron-rich minerals in rocks. 
D)  known to have stayed constant through time,based on theoretical calculations.

Question 19

Marine magnetic anomalies result from seafloor spreading in conjunction with

Accepted Answer

A)  global warming. 
B)  magnetic storms on the surface of the Sun. 
C)  magnetic polarity reversals. 
D)  apparent wander of the magnetic poles. 
A)  global warming. 
B)  magnetic storms on the surface of the Sun. 
C)  magnetic polarity reversals. 
D)  apparent wander of the magnetic poles.

Question 20

All deep-sea trenches border

Accepted Answer

A)  fracture zones. 
B)  mid-ocean ridges. 
C)  volcanic arcs. 
D)  seamounts. 
A)  fracture zones. 
B)  mid-ocean ridges. 
C)  volcanic arcs. 
D)  seamounts.

Exam 3: Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

The broad flat regions that occupy most of the ocean floor are

The apparent tendency of the north (or south)magnetic pole to vary in position over time is termed

The discovery that each continent had different and separate apparent polar-wander paths,such as those in the figure below,proved that

Describe patterns of sedimentation on the seafloor.What can be learned from this?

What evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support his continental-drift hypothesis? Was the evidence compelling? Why or why not?

What is a magnetic anomaly? What is the difference between a positive and negative anomaly?

According to the figure below,marine magnetic anomalies lay roughly ________ to mid-ocean ridges.

As shown below,Wegener proposed continental drift after he observed evidence from fossils,glacial deposits,and the fit of the continents that suggested all of the continents were once

Beneath a blanket of sediments,oceanic crust is primarily composed of

If you were using both a compass and a map marked with latitude and longitude to navigate,you might note the angle difference between your compass and what is marked on the map,called

Marine magnetic anomaly belts run parallel to

Regions of the sea floor with negative magnetic anomalies were formed during times when the Earth's magnetic field

Which of the following best describes the distribution of earthquakes?

The majority of new oceanic crust is created

Regions of the sea floor with positive magnetic anomalies were formed during times when the Earth's magnetic field

Wegener's evidence for a united Pangaea comes from the fossil record of which type of organisms?

The polarity of the Earth's magnetic field in the geologic past is

Marine magnetic anomalies result from seafloor spreading in conjunction with

All deep-sea trenches border

Cosmology and the Birth of the Earth

Journey to the Center of the Earth

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of the Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

An Envelope of Gas: the Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

a Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

the Rock Cycle in the Earth System

the Earths Interior, Revisited: Seismic Layering, Gravity, and the Magnetic Field

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Prelude: and Just What Is Geology

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