Exam 10: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

You are walking on the beach along the south-coast of Alaska.You see rocks cut by numerous faults that consist of basalt with evidence of eruption in the ocean,deep-water chert,mudstone,and sandstones with abundant volcanic material.What tectonic setting would you assign to these rocks?

Granitic batholiths typically form over time intervals of ________.

In a(n)________ fault,the hanging wall block moves up with respect to the footwall block.

Mountain building uplifts rocks against the force of gravity raising their potential energy,which requires work by the earth system.Based on the relative motion of fault blocks,what type of fault would you expect to require more energy than the others?

Subduction only occurs when oceanic rocks are forced beneath a continent.

What type of structure is shown below?

Monoclines,anticlines,synclines and domes are all examples of ________.

Ocean spreading centers are highlands on the ocean floor,sometimes referred to as submarine mountains.Oceanic crust worldwide is about the same thickness so isostasy would suggest the ocean floor should be as flat as Kansas.Which of the following statements best describes the origin of these submarine mountains?

Studies of the chemistry of rocks from arc volcanos indicate the main source of the magma is ________.

Use this figure for the following questions: The figure above is an oblique Google earth image from southwestern North America looking approximately north.The view is approximately 50km across.The area is a classic area of normal faulting. -The area labeled C shows an active fault bounding the range.Which best describes the motion on the fault?

Evaluate the following statement,addressing what parts,if any,are right and which are wrong: Jointing in rocks does not affect the flow of groundwater at depths greater than 10-20m because all fractures close below that depth.Jointing is important,however,to engineers interested in stability of slopes and locating structures because joints can slide or open under gravitational forces on slopes.

In the interior of continents the earth's crust is typically about 40km thick and the elevation is near sea level.In an area where the crust is 20km thick,isostasy would suggest the elevation in this area would be ________ unless the density changes from one area to the other.

Southwestern North America contains a large area called the Basin and Range province.What is the origin of this name?

Use this figure for the following questions: The figure above is an oblique Google earth image from southwestern North America looking approximately north.The view is approximately 50km across.The area is a classic area of normal faulting. -Topographic basins like the areas labeled B in this figure are called ________.

In the figure,which of the deformations appears most similar to what might be expected along a divergent plate boundary?

Burial of rocks increases the confining pressure so that deeply buried rocks are more likely to ________ than shallow rocks.

Oceanic plateaus and seamounts are both bathymetric highs on the seafloor.When they encounter a subduction zone oceanic plateaus are generally accreted to become a(n)________ whereas seamounts typically are ________.

A transform fault is ________.

Mountain building in the western margin of North America records a history of both ________.

Changes in the shape of a rock body in response to a differential stress is called ________.