Exam 6: Learning

The Acme Chemical Company has some employees who work in a production plant and some who work in a sales office.The plant workers get paid every Friday;however,the office workers get paid for every fifth sale that they make.The plant workers are paid on a ________ schedule,whereas the office workers are paid on a ________ schedule.

You want to teach your dog to stop scratching at the door when he wants to go out.You do so by swatting his nose with a newspaper each time he scratches the door.By creating consequences for your dog's behavior,you have used ________ to train him.

Professor Jackson periodically gives his students pop quizzes on the reading assignments.To encourage students to complete the reading assignments,the schedule of reinforcement he should use for the pop quizzes is a ________ schedule.

After repeated studying,Cressida is able to remember all of the state capitals.Now when she hears the word Michigan,she quickly thinks of the word Lansing.Cressida's learning is most likely due to long-term potentiation,which

Eleanor wants to use classical conditioning to teach her students to run to the closet when the "intruder alert" sounds at their school.To be successful,Eleanor must begin the learning process with a(n)

Sampson is a dolphin trainer who trains his dolphins to perform tasks by blowing a high-pitched whistle immediately after the dolphins do the task.The dolphins enjoy the sound of the whistle because it had previously been paired with the fish they were given to eat.Based on this,you know that Sampson is using the whistle as a ________ reinforcer to train the dolphins.

Rachel's dog loves meat and salivates when he sees it.Rachel repeatedly shows her dog a picture of a circle before showing him a piece of meat.Soon,the dog salivates to the picture of the circle.When Rachel shows her dog a picture of an oval,the dog does not salivate,which is best explained by

Your history professor wants to help students learn how to write a high-quality research paper,so he posts an example of an "A" paper on the course website.You use this example as a template when writing your own paper.You have used ________ to write a good research paper.

Danielle is a mean preschool teacher and wants to teach her students to fear the school principal,who comes to check on their classroom at the same time every day.She attempts to use classical conditioning by turning off the classroom lights (US)immediately before the principal comes in (NS).The resulting darkness causes the children to be naturally fearful (UR).After a few weeks of trying this,Danielle is disappointed that the children do not seem to be developing a fear of the principal. A) Using your knowledge of the four steps of classical conditioning,explain why Danielle has not been able to create a fear response in her students.Be sure to include the US,UR,CS,and CR in your answer. B) Assuming that Danielle is able to use classical conditioning correctly,explain one other factor that might influence how well the children learn this association.

Samantha tells her roommate that negative reinforcement and negative punishment are similar because they

Your psychology instructor is preparing her lecture on learning and wants to include an analogy about memes.She starts by writing "Memes are to genes as ..." but cannot figure out how to finish the sentence.Which of the following would best complete her thought?

Lea is distressed to find that over the course of her first semester in college,she has gained 15 pounds.She knows that she likes to hang out at the dining hall with friends and is not used to having so many food options (particularly unhealthy ones!)around all the time.Lea also keeps snacks in her room to eat so that she will not fall asleep when she is up late studying or to make her feel better when she is stressed out over her workload. A) Give a description of how each of the three main types of learning (non-associative,associative,and learning by watching others)does or does not explain Lea's behavior during her semester at college.Give one example of each type of learning. B) How has long-term potentiation in Lea's brain influenced her behavior?

Sophia's daughter Melanie is getting "D" grades in several of her classes.To get Melanie to study more,her parents should

Yang watched her family pray before eating all of her life,so Yang has learned to pray before eating a meal.Yang's praying is most likely a result of

If Pavlov repeatedly presented the conditioned stimulus,the metronome,without the unconditioned stimulus,the food,the dogs would stop salivating to the sound of the metronome.In classical conditioning,this process is called

Dr.Brimfield believes that humans learn best when they are given the opportunity to act on their environments and make associations between their behavior and the effects it produces.Dr.Brimfield believes in

A main outcome of Ivan Pavlov's research is that a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus

Vincent wants to use systematic desensitization to treat his patient's phobia of elevators.After the patient learns how to relax her muscles,Vincent's next step should be to

Professor McCready wants to study animal learning by putting birds in a cage where they have to figure out how to peck a button to receive food.Professor McCready is using ________ to modify animal behavior.

Taylor's parents are very inconsistent with their child-rearing practices.Some days,Taylor can get away with climbing onto the back of the couch and jumping off,but other days she is punished.Taylor's parents are reinforcing her behavior on a ________ schedule.