Exam 6: Learning

Sasha finds it funny that when she makes a silly face,her infant daughter,Penelope,tries to make the same silly face.As a psychologist who studies learning,Sasha knows that when Penelope observes Sasha's face,Penelope's ________ is/are active.

In operant conditioning,removing a stimulus to increase a behavior in the future is called

Braxton's friend Shayla is caught cheating on a test and receives an F.Braxton learns the consequences of cheating by watching Shayla be punished for this action.Braxton has learned through

A cat is classically conditioned to purr when it hears the refrigerator door open,because it contains the cat food.But the cat does not purr when it hears the pantry door open.The fact that the cat only purrs when the refrigerator door opens is most likely a result of

A conditioned stimulus is

Simone's desk at her new job is right next to an air conditioner.After a week of being chilly,she brings a sweater to work.Simone's change in behavior,which is based on her prior experience,is an example of

In Pavlov's research,classical conditioning occurred when the dogs learned the metronome predicted the arrival of food because this process began with an animals' instinctive response to the ________ stimulus.

Shanna wants to use an observational study to explore how classical conditioning works.Before beginning her own study,it would be most helpful for Shanna to read about the research of

Whenever baby Colin cries,his mother picks him up.This stops Colin from crying.In turn,this makes Colin's mother pick him up more often.In this example,his mother picking him up serves as a ________ reinforcer for Colin.Colin stopping crying is a ________ reinforcer for the mother.

Your roommate drives you crazy because every morning she hits the snooze button on her alarm clock three times before she gets out of bed. A) Describe the two types of reinforcement and the two types of punishment.Explain how they influence the likelihood of a behavior occurring later. B) Give an example of each type of reinforcement and punishment. C) Choose one type of reinforcement and one type of punishment and explain how you could use them to modify your roommate's annoying behavior.

When wild Arctic wolves hunt,their efforts are only sometimes reinforced because finding food is difficult.The fact that the wolves are only sometimes reinforced for hunting is an example of ________ reinforcement.

You are driving to school when suddenly an ambulance rushes past you with its sirens blaring,so you quickly pull your car to the side of the road.A few minutes later,when you hear sirens in the distance,you get ready to quickly pull the car over again.You have learned to respond quickly to the sirens because of

Shawn's daughter Violet has just started to crawl.Shawn is worried that Violet will start to play with the electrical outlet plugs. A) Define classical conditioning. B) Describe how Shawn might use classical conditioning to make Violet afraid of touching the electrical outlets.Be specific and include a description of each of the four steps of conditioning for this particular situation.

Shonda wants to train her dog to roll over and is unsure of how to use reinforcement to teach her dog this new trick. A) Describe continuous and partial reinforcement and give one advantage of using each. B) Describe each of the four schedules of partial reinforcement. C) Which schedule of partial reinforcement should Shonda choose to use if she wants to create the highest rate of response in the shortest amount of time? Which should she use if she wants to create the most consistent rate of response?

When explaining to his wife how positive reinforcement and positive punishment are similar,Jackson correctly says that both

Michael is observing the people in his dorm and listing any behaviors that indicate learning.Which of the following should be included on Michael's list?

Albert has a beautiful garden in his backyard and notices that hummingbirds feed on the flowers at the same time each day in order to get the most nectar.The hummingbirds are being rewarded for their feeding behavior on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Alanna knows that a startling noise will always make people blink their eyes.Alanna has learned to associate a blue light with a startling noise,causing her to blink when she sees the blue light.When she blinks after seeing the blue light,she is showing a(n)

Jack uses classical conditioning to teach his dog Luna to sit whenever Jack says "Sit." But now,anything that Jack says that is similar to "Sit" causes Luna to show the conditioned response of sitting.This is most likely the result of

Aldo cannot get the answer to a chemistry problem even after sitting at his desk for an hour.He gets up and goes for a walk.Suddenly,even though he appears to have stopped thinking about it for a while,the answer comes to him.Aldo has most likely solved the problem based on