Exam 13: GlM 2: Comparing Means Adjusted for Other Predictors Analysis of Covariance

A psychologist was interested in the effects of different fear information on children's beliefs about an animal. Three groups of children were shown a picture of an animal that they had never seen before (a quoll). Then one group was told a negative story (in which the quoll is described as a vicious, disease-ridden bundle of nastiness that eats children's brains), one group a positive story (in which the quoll is described as a harmless, docile creature who likes nothing more than to be stroked), and a final group weren't told a story at all. After the story children rated how scared they would be if they met a quoll, on a scale ranging from 1 (not at all scared) to 5 (very scared indeed). To account for the natural anxiousness of each child, a questionnaire measure of trait anxiety was given to the children and used in the analysis. -The SPSS output is below. What analysis has been used?

Imagine we wanted to investigate the effects of three different conflict styles (avoiding, compromising and competing) on relationship satisfaction, but we discover that relationship satisfaction is known to be affected by self-esteem. Which of the following variables would be the covariate in this study?

A music teacher had noticed that some students went to pieces during exams. He wanted to test whether this performance anxiety was different for people playing different instruments. He took groups of guitarists, drummers and pianists (variable = 'Instru') and measured their anxiety (variable = 'Anxiety') during the exam. He also noted the type of exam they were performing (in the UK, musical instrument exams are known as 'grades' and range from 1 to 8). He wanted to see whether the type of instrument played affected performance anxiety when accounting for the grade of the exam. - Which of the following statements best reflects what the tables below tell us?

Which of the following assumptions must be met when conducting an ANCOVA?

Which of the following best describes how many covariates can be included in an ANCOVA?

Which of the following sentences best describes a covariate?

Imagine we wanted to investigate the effects of three different conflict styles (avoiding, compromising and competing) on relationship satisfaction, but we discover that relationship satisfaction is known to covary with self-esteem. -Which of the following questions would be appropriate for this analysis?

Imagine we wanted to compare a group of married couples with a group of non-married couples on levels of relationship satisfaction. After collecting our data, we find that the mean age of our married group (M = 30) was significantly different from the mean age of our non-married group (M = 23). What should we do?

A music teacher had noticed that some students went to pieces during exams. He wanted to test whether this performance anxiety was different for people playing different instruments. He took groups of guitarists, drummers and pianists (variable = 'Instru') and measured their anxiety (variable = 'Anxiety') during the exam. He also noted the type of exam they were performing (in the UK, musical instrument exams are known as 'grades' and range from 1 to 8). He wanted to see whether the type of instrument played affected performance anxiety when accounting for the grade of the exam. - Which of the following statements best reflects what the effect of GRADE in the table tells us?

A music teacher had noticed that some students went to pieces during exams. He wanted to test whether this performance anxiety was different for people playing different instruments. He took groups of guitarists, drummers and pianists (variable = 'Instru') and measured their anxiety (variable = 'Anxiety') during the exam. He also noted the type of exam they were performing (in the UK, musical instrument exams are known as 'grades' and range from 1 to 8). He wanted to see whether the type of instrument played affected performance anxiety when accounting for the grade of the exam. -The first part of the SPSS output is below. What does this part of the output tell us?

Imagine we wanted to investigate the effects of three different conflict styles (avoiding, compromising and competing) on relationship satisfaction. We discover that relationship satisfaction is known to covary with self-esteem, so we conduct an ANCOVA with self-esteem as the covariate. What could be a potential issue with this study?

A music teacher had noticed that some students went to pieces during exams. He wanted to test whether this performance anxiety was different for people playing different instruments. He took groups of guitarists, drummers and pianists (variable = 'Instru') and measured their anxiety (variable = 'Anxiety') during the exam. He also noted the type of exam they were performing (in the UK, musical instrument exams are known as 'grades' and range from 1 to 8). He wanted to see whether the type of instrument played affected performance anxiety when accounting for the grade of the exam. -Which of the following statements best reflects what the effect of 'Instru' in the output table below tells us?

Imagine we wanted to investigate the effects of three different conflict styles (avoiding, compromising and competing) on relationship satisfaction. We discover that relationship satisfaction is known to covary with self-esteem. -Conducting an ANCOVA will partial out the variance due to the association between which two variables?

Participants were randomly allocated to one of two stress management therapy groups, or a waiting list control group. Their baseline levels of stress were measured before treatment, and again after 3 months of weekly therapy sessions. Based on the output below, which of the following statements is the most accurate?

A psychologist was interested in the effects of different fear information on children's beliefs about an animal. Three groups of children were shown a picture of an animal that they had never seen before (a quoll). Then one group was told a negative story (in which the quoll is described as a vicious, disease-ridden bundle of nastiness that eats children's brains), one group a positive story (in which the quoll is described as a harmless, docile creature who likes nothing more than to be stroked), and a final group weren't told a story at all. After the story children rated how scared they would be if they met a quoll, on a scale ranging from 1 (not at all scared) to 5 (very scared indeed). To account for the natural anxiousness of each child, a questionnaire measure of trait anxiety was given to the children and used in the analysis. -Which of the following statements best reflects what the 'pairwise comparisons' tell us?

Which of the designs below would be best suited to ANCOVA?

A psychologist was interested in the effects of different fear information on children's beliefs about an animal. Three groups of children were shown a picture of an animal that they had never seen before (a quoll). Then one group was told a negative story (in which the quoll is described as a vicious, disease-ridden bundle of nastiness that eats children's brains), one group a positive story (in which the quoll is described as a harmless, docile creature who likes nothing more than to be stroked), and a final group weren't told a story at all. After the story children rated how scared they would be if they met a quoll, on a scale ranging from 1 (not at all scared) to 5 (very scared indeed). To account for the natural anxiousness of each child, a questionnaire measure of trait anxiety was given to the children and used in the analysis. -Which of the following statements best reflects what the effect of 'Type Of Information' in the table tells us?

Participants were randomly allocated to one of two stress management therapy groups, or a waiting list control group. Their baseline levels of stress were measured before treatment, and again after 3 months of weekly therapy sessions. The researcher decided to run an ANCOVA on her data. What was the covariate?

What are the two main reasons for including covariates in ANOVA?

A psychologist was interested in the effects of different fear information on children's beliefs about an animal. Three groups of children were shown a picture of an animal that they had never seen before (a quoll). Then one group was told a negative story (in which the quoll is described as a vicious, disease-ridden bundle of nastiness that eats children's brains), one group a positive story (in which the quoll is described as a harmless, docile creature who likes nothing more than to be stroked), and a final group weren't told a story at all. After the story children rated how scared they would be if they met a quoll, on a scale ranging from 1 (not at all scared) to 5 (very scared indeed). To account for the natural anxiousness of each child, a questionnaire measure of trait anxiety was given to the children and used in the analysis. -Which of the following statements best reflects what the effect of 'Natural Fear Level' in the table tells us?