Exam 17: Externalities and the Environment

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The band Coldplay's funding of 10,000 mango trees in India to help sop up emissions related to the release of their CD, A Rush of Blood to the Head, is an example of fixed-production technology.

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Renewable resources are those for which

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More water pollution in the United States comes from __________ than any other source.

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Sailboats and motorboats share Emerson Lake, which nobody owns. The sailors say the motorboats are a hazard; the motorboaters say it is the other way around. Frequent collisions occur, with many injuries and some deaths every year. If the City of Emerson were to buy the lake itself,

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A pollution tax

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NARRBEGIN: Exhibit 17-4 Exhibit 17-4 NARRBEGIN: Exhibit 17-4 Exhibit 17-4    -Which of the following could not have caused the increase in demand indicated in Exhibit 17-4? -Which of the following could not have caused the increase in demand indicated in Exhibit 17-4?

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Fishing, the lumber industry, tourism, and even city buildings in Canada are harmed by acid rain, most of which comes from the United States. According to the Coase theorem, the problem is

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When an activity results in the creation of external benefits, markets will produce more than the socially optimal level of that activity.

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When using the economic efficiency approach to controlling air and water pollution, the government

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The optimal level of air quality

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Free markets produce too little output when

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At the market output and price for a good whose production causes pollution,

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To achieve the socially optimal level of pollution, the biggest polluters should be targetted for the greates reduction in pollution.

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NARRBEGIN: Exhibit 17-1 Exhibit 17-1 NARRBEGIN: Exhibit 17-1 Exhibit 17-1    -In Exhibit 17-1, the amount by which the total social cost of producing the private equilibrium level of output exceeds the total social benefit is -In Exhibit 17-1, the amount by which the total social cost of producing the private equilibrium level of output exceeds the total social benefit is

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To maximize social welfare in the presence of a negative externality, marginal __________ must equal marginal __________.

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Some pollution occurs because property rights to some resources are well defined.

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Most water pollution in the United States comes from manufacturing sites.

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NARRBEGIN: Exhibit 17-6 Exhibit 17-6 NARRBEGIN: Exhibit 17-6 Exhibit 17-6    -In Exhibit 17-6, a subsidy of $3 per unit will lead to the socially optimal level of production. -In Exhibit 17-6, a subsidy of $3 per unit will lead to the socially optimal level of production.

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Government allocation of pollution rights cannot be efficient if polluters cannot be easily identified and monitored.

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A removal or depletion tax on an open-access resource increases the marginal private cost of using the resource by

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