Question 1

If the compensation point is above the thermocline,

Accepted Answer

A) hypoxic waters can easily circulate to the surface, endangering the lake ecosystem, and this is more likely to happen in summer. 
B) hypoxic waters cannot easily circulate to the surface, protecting the lake ecosystem, and this is more likely to happen in summer. 
C) hypoxic waters can easily circulate to the surface, endangering the lake ecosystem, and this is more likely to happen in winter. 
D) hypoxic waters cannot easily circulate to the surface, protecting the lake ecosystem, and this is more likely to happen in winter. 
A) hypoxic waters can easily circulate to the surface, endangering the lake ecosystem, and this is more likely to happen in summer. 
B) hypoxic waters cannot easily circulate to the surface, protecting the lake ecosystem, and this is more likely to happen in summer. 
C) hypoxic waters can easily circulate to the surface, endangering the lake ecosystem, and this is more likely to happen in winter. 
D) hypoxic waters cannot easily circulate to the surface, protecting the lake ecosystem, and this is more likely to happen in winter.

Question 2

Net primary productivity is the

Accepted Answer

A) total amount of energy fixed for photosynthesis in an area, minus the energy wasted or used. 
B) for plant respiration and maintaining existing tissue. 
C) total amount of energy fixed for photosynthesis in an area. 
D) percentage of the total vegetation surface that is a healthy green color. 
E) ratio of the population of autotrophs to the population of heterotrophs in an ecosystem. 
A) total amount of energy fixed for photosynthesis in an area, minus the energy wasted or used. 
B) for plant respiration and maintaining existing tissue. 
C) total amount of energy fixed for photosynthesis in an area. 
D) percentage of the total vegetation surface that is a healthy green color. 
E) ratio of the population of autotrophs to the population of heterotrophs in an ecosystem.

Question 3

The global trend in sulfur emissions can be characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) increasing rates of emission in almost every country. 
B) decreasing rates of emission in almost every country. 
C) decreasing rates of emission in the industrialized countries but increasing rates in the developing countries. 
D) increasing rates of emission in the industrialized countries but decreasing rates in the developing countries. 
A) increasing rates of emission in almost every country. 
B) decreasing rates of emission in almost every country. 
C) decreasing rates of emission in the industrialized countries but increasing rates in the developing countries. 
D) increasing rates of emission in the industrialized countries but decreasing rates in the developing countries.

Question 4

The areas within the United States where humans have contributed the most sulfur to the atmosphere are generally near

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear power plants. 
B) coal-fired power plants. 
C) cement factories. 
D) hydroelectric plants. 
A) nuclear power plants. 
B) coal-fired power plants. 
C) cement factories. 
D) hydroelectric plants.

Question 5

Tropospheric ozone forms when

Accepted Answer

A) sunlight causes NO2 to photodissociate. 
B) SO2 reacts with particulate matter. 
C) NOx reacts with ammonia (NH3). 
D) carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion. 
A) sunlight causes NO2 to photodissociate. 
B) SO2 reacts with particulate matter. 
C) NOx reacts with ammonia (NH3). 
D) carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion.

Question 6

The diagram below shows that C4 plants photosynthesize more efficiently than C3 plants at high temperatures.This is because

Accepted Answer

A) C4 plants make use of chemosynthesis as well as photosynthesis. 
B) C4 plants are able to minimize water loss through the stomates more efficiently than C3 plants. 
C) C4 plants make use of the Calvin cycle to photosynthesize over a wider range of hours, while C3 plants do not. 
D) C4 plants have larger chloroplasts than C3 plants. 
A) C4 plants make use of chemosynthesis as well as photosynthesis. 
B) C4 plants are able to minimize water loss through the stomates more efficiently than C3 plants. 
C) C4 plants make use of the Calvin cycle to photosynthesize over a wider range of hours, while C3 plants do not. 
D) C4 plants have larger chloroplasts than C3 plants.

Question 7

Ultramafic igneous rocks (those with very high magnesium and iron, and low silica content)may offer the best hope for improving the environment by

Accepted Answer

A) being placed on the ocean floor, where they can absorb water and reduce global sea levels. 
B) absorbing CO2, with their rate of absorption capable of being increased by people. 
C) pulling ground-level ozone out of the atmosphere as it cools. 
D) reducing the rate of salinization of soils when it is ground into a fine powder and sprinkled on the surface. 
A) being placed on the ocean floor, where they can absorb water and reduce global sea levels. 
B) absorbing CO2, with their rate of absorption capable of being increased by people. 
C) pulling ground-level ozone out of the atmosphere as it cools. 
D) reducing the rate of salinization of soils when it is ground into a fine powder and sprinkled on the surface.

Question 8

Secondary succession would begin to take place after an ecosystem is disrupted by a

Accepted Answer

A) glaciation. 
B) volcanic eruption. 
C) deforestation. 
D) nuclear meltdown. 
A) glaciation. 
B) volcanic eruption. 
C) deforestation. 
D) nuclear meltdown.

Question 9

The greenhouse gas nitrous oxide, which you may know as laughing gas from your most recent visit to the dentist, has the chemical formula

Accepted Answer

A) NOx. 
B) N2O. 
C) NO2. 
D) NO3. 
A) NOx. 
B) N2O. 
C) NO2. 
D) NO3.

Question 10

Species that live a long life and have only a few offspring, such as humans, can be characterized as

Accepted Answer

A) K-selected. 
B) r-selected. 
C) autotrophs. 
D) omnivores. 
A) K-selected. 
B) r-selected. 
C) autotrophs. 
D) omnivores.

Question 11

It is common for the predator population to lag behind the prey population by about

Accepted Answer

A) 1/4 of a cycle. 
B) 1/3 of a cycle. 
C) 1/2 of a cycle. 
D) 1 cycle. 
A) 1/4 of a cycle. 
B) 1/3 of a cycle. 
C) 1/2 of a cycle. 
D) 1 cycle.

Question 12

If a population of species in an ecosystem does not fluctuate much over time, the ecosystem

Accepted Answer

A) has no significant buffering mechanisms. 
B) has many "eury" species. 
C) is said to be stable. 
D) has low inertia. 
A) has no significant buffering mechanisms. 
B) has many "eury" species. 
C) is said to be stable. 
D) has low inertia.

Question 13

The diagram below illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A) regelation. 
B) eutrophication. 
C) carbonation. 
D) illuviation. 
A) regelation. 
B) eutrophication. 
C) carbonation. 
D) illuviation.

Question 14

Kudzu is a type of invasive

Accepted Answer

A) rodent in the southeastern United States. 
B) fern in the southeastern United States. 
C) vine in the southeastern United States. 
D) fish in the southeastern United States. 
A) rodent in the southeastern United States. 
B) fern in the southeastern United States. 
C) vine in the southeastern United States. 
D) fish in the southeastern United States.

Question 15

Assuming all other factors are equal, a low biological oxygen demand would be likely to cause the

Accepted Answer

A) compensation point (or level)to rise in the lake. 
B) compensation point (or level)to fall in the lake. 
C) profundal zone to expand in the lake. 
D) limnetic zone to shrink in the lake. 
A) compensation point (or level)to rise in the lake. 
B) compensation point (or level)to fall in the lake. 
C) profundal zone to expand in the lake. 
D) limnetic zone to shrink in the lake.

Question 16

According to the diagram below, the process by which nitrogen moves from the land to the atmosphere primarily after microbes or fossil fuel combustion converts various forms of nitrogen back to N2, as at the yellow asterisk (*), is known as

Accepted Answer

A) cyclolysis. 
B) denitrification. 
C) eutrophication. 
D) photodissociation. 
A) cyclolysis. 
B) denitrification. 
C) eutrophication. 
D) photodissociation.

Question 17

In the diagram below, the second law of thermodynamics is responsible for the processes depicted by

Accepted Answer

A) the purple squiggly lines only. 
B) the black arrows only. 
C) the brown arrows only. 
D) the yellow squiggly lines and the black arrows. 
E) the purple squiggly lines and the brown arrows. 
A) the purple squiggly lines only. 
B) the black arrows only. 
C) the brown arrows only. 
D) the yellow squiggly lines and the black arrows. 
E) the purple squiggly lines and the brown arrows.

Question 18

Which of the following is an important role of phosphorus in biology?

Accepted Answer

A) It is an essential component of ATP, which stores the energy acquired in the "light reaction" phase of photosynthesis. 
B) It allows increased amounts of energy available to organisms. 
C) It is an important component of proteins. 
D) All of these are roles of phosphorus. 
A) It is an essential component of ATP, which stores the energy acquired in the "light reaction" phase of photosynthesis. 
B) It allows increased amounts of energy available to organisms. 
C) It is an important component of proteins. 
D) All of these are roles of phosphorus.

Question 19

Ecology is the study of how

Accepted Answer

A) organisms and populations of organisms interact with one another and with the nonliving components of their environment. 
B) people interact with their environment. 
C) pollution reduces the productivity and health of the environment. 
D) the lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere interact with each other. 
A) organisms and populations of organisms interact with one another and with the nonliving components of their environment. 
B) people interact with their environment. 
C) pollution reduces the productivity and health of the environment. 
D) the lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere interact with each other.

Question 20

A habitat consists of

Accepted Answer

A) the source of energy that a species acquires. 
B) the position of a species on the food chain or food web. 
C) the physical environment where a species lives. 
D) the rate of nutrient cycling that takes place in an ecosystem. 
A) the source of energy that a species acquires. 
B) the position of a species on the food chain or food web. 
C) the physical environment where a species lives. 
D) the rate of nutrient cycling that takes place in an ecosystem.

If the compensation point is above the thermocline,

Net primary productivity is the

The global trend in sulfur emissions can be characterized by

The areas within the United States where humans have contributed the most sulfur to the atmosphere are generally near

Tropospheric ozone forms when

The diagram below shows that C₄ plants photosynthesize more efficiently than C₃ plants at high temperatures.This is because

Ultramafic igneous rocks (those with very high magnesium and iron, and low silica content)may offer the best hope for improving the environment by

Secondary succession would begin to take place after an ecosystem is disrupted by a

The greenhouse gas nitrous oxide, which you may know as laughing gas from your most recent visit to the dentist, has the chemical formula

Species that live a long life and have only a few offspring, such as humans, can be characterized as

It is common for the predator population to lag behind the prey population by about

If a population of species in an ecosystem does not fluctuate much over time, the ecosystem

The diagram below illustrates the process of

Kudzu is a type of invasive

Assuming all other factors are equal, a low biological oxygen demand would be likely to cause the

According to the diagram below, the process by which nitrogen moves from the land to the atmosphere primarily after microbes or fossil fuel combustion converts various forms of nitrogen back to N₂, as at the yellow asterisk (*), is known as

In the diagram below, the second law of thermodynamics is responsible for the processes depicted by

Which of the following is an important role of phosphorus in biology?

Ecology is the study of how

A habitat consists of

The Nature of Physical Geography

Energy and Matter in the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Motion

Atmospheric Moisture

Weather Systems and Severe Weather

Atmosphere - Ocean - Crysophere Interactions

Climates Around the World

Water Resources

Understanding Landscapes

Plate Tectonics and Regional Features

Volcanoes, Deformation, and Earthquakes

Weathering and Mass Wasting

Streams and Flooding

Glaciers and Glacial Landforms

Coasts and Changing Sea Levels

Soils

Biomes

Filters

Exam 17: Ecosystems and Biogeochemical Cycles

If the compensation point is above the thermocline,

Net primary productivity is the

The global trend in sulfur emissions can be characterized by

The areas within the United States where humans have contributed the most sulfur to the atmosphere are generally near

Tropospheric ozone forms when

The diagram below shows that C4 plants photosynthesize more efficiently than C3 plants at high temperatures.This is because

Ultramafic igneous rocks (those with very high magnesium and iron, and low silica content)may offer the best hope for improving the environment by

Secondary succession would begin to take place after an ecosystem is disrupted by a

The greenhouse gas nitrous oxide, which you may know as laughing gas from your most recent visit to the dentist, has the chemical formula

Species that live a long life and have only a few offspring, such as humans, can be characterized as

It is common for the predator population to lag behind the prey population by about

If a population of species in an ecosystem does not fluctuate much over time, the ecosystem

The diagram below illustrates the process of

Kudzu is a type of invasive

Assuming all other factors are equal, a low biological oxygen demand would be likely to cause the

According to the diagram below, the process by which nitrogen moves from the land to the atmosphere primarily after microbes or fossil fuel combustion converts various forms of nitrogen back to N2, as at the yellow asterisk (*), is known as

In the diagram below, the second law of thermodynamics is responsible for the processes depicted by

Which of the following is an important role of phosphorus in biology?

Ecology is the study of how

A habitat consists of

The Nature of Physical Geography

Energy and Matter in the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Motion

Atmospheric Moisture

Weather Systems and Severe Weather

Atmosphere - Ocean - Crysophere Interactions

Climates Around the World

Water Resources

Understanding Landscapes

Plate Tectonics and Regional Features

Volcanoes, Deformation, and Earthquakes

Weathering and Mass Wasting

Streams and Flooding

Glaciers and Glacial Landforms

Coasts and Changing Sea Levels

Soils

Biomes

Filters

The diagram below shows that C₄ plants photosynthesize more efficiently than C₃ plants at high temperatures.This is because

According to the diagram below, the process by which nitrogen moves from the land to the atmosphere primarily after microbes or fossil fuel combustion converts various forms of nitrogen back to N₂, as at the yellow asterisk (*), is known as