Question 1

Which of the following influences whether a flood occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) the height of levees 
B) the amount of discharge 
C) urbanization (replacing farms or natural land with buildings) 
D) the width of the channel 
E) All of these are influences. 
A) the height of levees 
B) the amount of discharge 
C) urbanization (replacing farms or natural land with buildings) 
D) the width of the channel 
E) All of these are influences. E

Question 2

What would happen if the ice in this area melted away?

Accepted Answer

A) The land near the ice would drop due to isostatic rebound. 
B) Rivers could change direction and flow away from the area once covered by ice. 
C) The land subsides because the ice is removed. 
D) All of these. 
A) The land near the ice would drop due to isostatic rebound. 
B) Rivers could change direction and flow away from the area once covered by ice. 
C) The land subsides because the ice is removed. 
D) All of these. B

Question 3

Which of the following can have a significant effect on a river?

Accepted Answer

A) rises and drops in sea level 
B) tectonics 
C) types of bedrock in the river 
D) changes in climate 
E) All of these. 
A) rises and drops in sea level 
B) tectonics 
C) types of bedrock in the river 
D) changes in climate 
E) All of these. E

Question 4

A delta forms when

Accepted Answer

A) ocean waves, especially during storms, pile up sediment along the coast. 
B) a steep mountain front collapses sending sediment out into the sea. 
C) a river slows and deposits sediment as it enters a lake or sea. 
D) windblown dust slides down steep hillsides and into a lake. 
A) ocean waves, especially during storms, pile up sediment along the coast. 
B) a steep mountain front collapses sending sediment out into the sea. 
C) a river slows and deposits sediment as it enters a lake or sea. 
D) windblown dust slides down steep hillsides and into a lake.

Question 5

Which of the following is true about a delta?

Accepted Answer

A) A delta forms as channels merge and pile up sand. 
B) A river keeps forming a delta in the exact same position along a coastline. 
C) Deltas form some layers that are horizontal and form some that are inclined toward the ocean. 
D) The total amount of sediment carried by the river increases from the start to the end of the delta system. 
A) A delta forms as channels merge and pile up sand. 
B) A river keeps forming a delta in the exact same position along a coastline. 
C) Deltas form some layers that are horizontal and form some that are inclined toward the ocean. 
D) The total amount of sediment carried by the river increases from the start to the end of the delta system.

Question 6

What type of stream is shown in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A) meandering stream 
B) braided stream 
C) a stream whose main channel has high sinuosity 
D) an esker 
A) meandering stream 
B) braided stream 
C) a stream whose main channel has high sinuosity 
D) an esker

Question 7

Which of the features on this aerial photograph is a point bar?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 8

What is a stream's discharge rate if it has a width of 10 meters, a depth of 2 meters, and a velocity of 2 meters per second?

Accepted Answer

A) 400 cubic meters per second 
B) 120 cubic meters per second 
C) 40 cubic meters per second 
D) 22 cubic meters per second 
E) 14 cubic meters per second 
A) 400 cubic meters per second 
B) 120 cubic meters per second 
C) 40 cubic meters per second 
D) 22 cubic meters per second 
E) 14 cubic meters per second

Question 9

What could cause a canyon to be deeper upstream than downstream?

Accepted Answer

A) The area upstream could be uplifted more than areas downstream. 
B) The area upstream is higher above base level and so results in deep erosion. 
C) A steeper gradient allows more erosion upstream. 
D) All of these. 
A) The area upstream could be uplifted more than areas downstream. 
B) The area upstream is higher above base level and so results in deep erosion. 
C) A steeper gradient allows more erosion upstream. 
D) All of these.

Question 10

What is the pattern of discharge shown by this hydrograph?

Accepted Answer

A) Discharge gradually increases and quickly decreases. 
B) Discharge quickly increases and gradually decreases. 
C) Discharge gradually decreases and quickly increases. 
D) Discharges quickly decreases and gradually increases. 
A) Discharge gradually increases and quickly decreases. 
B) Discharge quickly increases and gradually decreases. 
C) Discharge gradually decreases and quickly increases. 
D) Discharges quickly decreases and gradually increases.

Question 11

This figure shows four numbered river terraces, with 1 being the highest and 4 being the lowest.Which is the youngest terrace?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 12

Which of the following is true about levees?

Accepted Answer

A) They are a reliable way to protect an area from flooding. 
B) To be called a levee, a feature needs to be at least partly constructed by humans. 
C) A levee can trap water on the floodplain after the flood has subsided. 
D) None of these. 
A) They are a reliable way to protect an area from flooding. 
B) To be called a levee, a feature needs to be at least partly constructed by humans. 
C) A levee can trap water on the floodplain after the flood has subsided. 
D) None of these.

Question 13

Which of the following features are generally NOT associated with mountain streams and rivers?

Accepted Answer

A) waterfalls 
B) rapids 
C) canyons incised into bedrock 
D) meanders 
A) waterfalls 
B) rapids 
C) canyons incised into bedrock 
D) meanders

Question 14

What is the mostly likely setting for this drainage pattern?

Accepted Answer

A) The rocks have a relatively equal resistance to erosion. 
B) Drainages have followed a series of fractures that branch off of one another. 
C) The area has folded or faulted rocks with different resistances to erosion. 
D) A volcano once existed here but has been partly eroded away. 
A) The rocks have a relatively equal resistance to erosion. 
B) Drainages have followed a series of fractures that branch off of one another. 
C) The area has folded or faulted rocks with different resistances to erosion. 
D) A volcano once existed here but has been partly eroded away.

Question 15

Bedrock and sediment in a stream is most susceptible to erosion if it is

Accepted Answer

A) in slow-moving water in an eddy. 
B) in a site that is sheltered from oncoming clasts. 
C) located in a turbulent part of the river. 
D) composed entirely of large clasts that affect stream flow. 
E) All of these. 
A) in slow-moving water in an eddy. 
B) in a site that is sheltered from oncoming clasts. 
C) located in a turbulent part of the river. 
D) composed entirely of large clasts that affect stream flow. 
E) All of these.

Question 16

Where do mountain streams get most of their load of sediment?

Accepted Answer

A) landslides, slope failures, and erosion of the mountain sides 
B) downward incision into bedrock 
C) abrasion of bedrock along the bottom of the channel 
D) alluvial fans 
A) landslides, slope failures, and erosion of the mountain sides 
B) downward incision into bedrock 
C) abrasion of bedrock along the bottom of the channel 
D) alluvial fans

Question 17

Which of the following accompanies urbanization (replacing farms and open areas with cities)?

Accepted Answer

A) The discharge pattern of streams in the area does not change. 
B) Runoff occurs more quickly and produces a higher peak flow. 
C) Runoff becomes more spread out in time, increasing the amount of flooding. 
D) Runoff becomes more spread out in time, reducing the amount of flooding. 
E) None of these. 
A) The discharge pattern of streams in the area does not change. 
B) Runoff occurs more quickly and produces a higher peak flow. 
C) Runoff becomes more spread out in time, increasing the amount of flooding. 
D) Runoff becomes more spread out in time, reducing the amount of flooding. 
E) None of these.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about transport of sediment in a stream?

Accepted Answer

A) Pebbles and cobbles are mostly transported by suspension. 
B) Sediment that is deposited within a stream bed is unlikely to be transported again. 
C) Sand can be transported in a series of bounces along the stream bed. 
D) Slower current can carry larger clasts because the water is in contact with each clast for a longer time. 
E) Sand grains are converted into salt by the process of saltation. 
A) Pebbles and cobbles are mostly transported by suspension. 
B) Sediment that is deposited within a stream bed is unlikely to be transported again. 
C) Sand can be transported in a series of bounces along the stream bed. 
D) Slower current can carry larger clasts because the water is in contact with each clast for a longer time. 
E) Sand grains are converted into salt by the process of saltation.

Question 19

What was the cause of flooding in the 1993 upper Mississippi River flood?

Accepted Answer

A) Heavy snowmelt in Canada sent large volumes of water down the river in the spring. 
B) A dam failed because it had been built in a risky place near a fault. 
C) Persistent thunderstorms caused large amounts of rainfall over a several-state region. 
D) Winter produced rain that melted snow that was on the ground. 
A) Heavy snowmelt in Canada sent large volumes of water down the river in the spring. 
B) A dam failed because it had been built in a risky place near a fault. 
C) Persistent thunderstorms caused large amounts of rainfall over a several-state region. 
D) Winter produced rain that melted snow that was on the ground.

Question 20

Which of the following lessons was illustrated by flood data from the Colorado River and from the Yellowstone River?

Accepted Answer

A) Fifty years is a long enough record to record all but a 100-year flood. 
B) The largest flood possible along a river is likely to have been witnessed by humans. 
C) Few floods are ever larger than 10,000 cubic meters per second. 
D) None of these. 
A) Fifty years is a long enough record to record all but a 100-year flood. 
B) The largest flood possible along a river is likely to have been witnessed by humans. 
C) Few floods are ever larger than 10,000 cubic meters per second. 
D) None of these.

Which of the following influences whether a flood occurs?

What would happen if the ice in this area melted away?

Which of the following can have a significant effect on a river?

A delta forms when

Which of the following is true about a delta?

What type of stream is shown in this figure?

Which of the features on this aerial photograph is a point bar?

What is a stream's discharge rate if it has a width of 10 meters, a depth of 2 meters, and a velocity of 2 meters per second?

What could cause a canyon to be deeper upstream than downstream?

What is the pattern of discharge shown by this hydrograph?

This figure shows four numbered river terraces, with 1 being the highest and 4 being the lowest.Which is the youngest terrace?

Which of the following is true about levees?

Which of the following features are generally NOT associated with mountain streams and rivers?

What is the mostly likely setting for this drainage pattern?

Bedrock and sediment in a stream is most susceptible to erosion if it is

Where do mountain streams get most of their load of sediment?

Which of the following accompanies urbanization (replacing farms and open areas with cities)?

Which of the following is true about transport of sediment in a stream?

What was the cause of flooding in the 1993 upper Mississippi River flood?

Which of the following lessons was illustrated by flood data from the Colorado River and from the Yellowstone River?

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Exam 13: Streams and Flooding

Which of the following influences whether a flood occurs?

What would happen if the ice in this area melted away?

Which of the following can have a significant effect on a river?

A delta forms when

Which of the following is true about a delta?

What type of stream is shown in this figure?

Which of the features on this aerial photograph is a point bar?

What is a stream's discharge rate if it has a width of 10 meters, a depth of 2 meters, and a velocity of 2 meters per second?

What could cause a canyon to be deeper upstream than downstream?

What is the pattern of discharge shown by this hydrograph?

This figure shows four numbered river terraces, with 1 being the highest and 4 being the lowest.Which is the youngest terrace?

Which of the following is true about levees?

Which of the following features are generally NOT associated with mountain streams and rivers?

What is the mostly likely setting for this drainage pattern?

Bedrock and sediment in a stream is most susceptible to erosion if it is

Where do mountain streams get most of their load of sediment?

Which of the following accompanies urbanization (replacing farms and open areas with cities)?

Which of the following is true about transport of sediment in a stream?

What was the cause of flooding in the 1993 upper Mississippi River flood?

Which of the following lessons was illustrated by flood data from the Colorado River and from the Yellowstone River?

The Nature of Physical Geography

Energy and Matter in the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Motion

Atmospheric Moisture

Weather Systems and Severe Weather

Atmosphere - Ocean - Crysophere Interactions

Climates Around the World

Water Resources

Understanding Landscapes

Plate Tectonics and Regional Features

Volcanoes, Deformation, and Earthquakes

Weathering and Mass Wasting

Glaciers and Glacial Landforms

Coasts and Changing Sea Levels

Soils

Ecosystems and Biogeochemical Cycles

Biomes

Filters