Exam 4: Decision Making

A(n)________ occurs when decision makers take credit for their successes and blame failures on outside factors.

Programmed decisions tend to be repetitive and routine.

Focusing on achieving the greatest good for the greatest number of people is a strategy based on the ________ view of ethics.

The self-serving bias occurs when decision makers take credit for their successes and blame failure on outside factors.

Individuals with a conceptual style tend to be very broad in their outlook and will look at many alternatives.

Refer to the Scenario below to answer the questions that follow. Types of Problems and Decisions (Scenario) It seems Dave spends most of his day making decisions.Every time he turns around,someone wants him to make a decision about something.This morning,the secretary came in and asked if she could reorder paper for the fax machine.That seemed like a routine decision that he should not have to deal with.If Dave could avoid those types of decisions,then he could focus more time and attention on the more complicated issues--like the one presented to him by the production supervisor this afternoon.According to the supervisor,a major piece of equipment urgently needs repairs,and the repair bill could cost almost as much as a new machine! -The problem of whether to repair the piece of equipment or to purchase a new machine is an example of a(n)________ problem.

The utilitarian view of ethics is based on which of the following?

Refer to the Scenario below to answer the questions that follow. Decision-Making Styles (Scenario) Jeremy has noticed that the people within his organization make decisions in very different ways.Jackie is rational and has a low tolerance for ambiguity.She is efficient and generally makes decisions that are applicable to the short term.Andy tends to be very broad in his outlook and looks at many alternatives before making a decision.He generally focuses on the long term.Alexandra thinks intuitively and works well with others.She is open to suggestions and concerned about the achievements of those around her.As for Jeremy,he likes to have complete information before making a decision,and carefully considers many alternatives. -Andy's decision-making style can be characterized as ________.

The strap on Brad's briefcase broke as he lifted it.On the way to class,he stopped at the first store that carries briefcases and purchased the only available one from the front counter.Brad has made a(n)________ decision.

When the petty cash in Elaine's drawer falls to less than $25,she places a request for additional funds to bring the total back up to $100.This is an example of a(n)________ decision.

A(n)________ occurs when decision makers incorrectly fixate on past expenditures of time,money,or effort in assessing choices rather than focusing on future consequences.

The ________ view is concerned with respecting and protecting individual liberties and privileges such as the rights to privacy,freedom of conscience,free speech,life and safety,and due process.

Which of the following steps in the decision-making process occurs before developing alternatives?

Which of the following would best describe the psychological orientation of an individual making a "maximax" type of choice?

Nonprogrammed decisions are typically made under a condition of ________.

A customer gives Jan a request that she has never heard before in her 15 years of experience at the hardware store.Since the request involves the application of a new technology,Jan is not sure what to do.This is an example of a(n)________ problem.

Refer to the Scenario below to answer the questions that follow. Management Decisions: Declining Income (Scenario) Net income has fallen for the second consecutive quarter,and Amanda is understandably worried.She knows there will be a lot of questions for her at the board of directors' meeting Wednesday,and she will be expected to reveal her plan to avoid any third-quarter losses.Amanda begins to analyze the company's financial reports to try to determine the cause of the loss.After much consideration,it appears that expenses have risen dramatically over the last few months.Amanda wonders why.She decides a meeting of the department heads is in order first thing tomorrow morning.At the meeting,Amanda would like to generate several possible solutions to the increased expenses.She wonders how to effectively explore all the options.Next morning,the first option presented at the meeting is to downsize the Research and Development department,since it is not essential to current operations.Several managers believe the plan will help stem the losses and immediately move to approve it.However,Amanda suggests that they need to look further at the issue and explore other potential solutions.Several suggestions are made,many of which appear to be viable.Amanda wonders what to do next. -When several managers move to approve the plan to downsize the Research and Development department without first exploring other options,they are engaging in a type of decision making called ________.

Which view of ethics refers to a situation in which a manager is concerned with respecting and protecting the individual liberties and privileges of employees?

Managers tend to operate under assumptions of bounded rationality.

A ________ is a formal document that states an organization's primary values and the ethical rules it expects its employees to follow.