Question 1

Foot arches help reduce the incidence of __________ to the lower leg.

Accepted Answer

A) sprains 
B) torn muscles 
C) bone spurs 
D) fatigue fractures 
A) sprains 
B) torn muscles 
C) bone spurs 
D) fatigue fractures

Question 2

What are the physical characteristics of robust australopithecines? What do these characteristics reveal about the ecology of robust australopithecines? Be sure to include information on diet and tool use.

Accepted Answer

The physical characteristics of robust a

Question 3

Most scientists agree that __________ is the most likely root ancestor of the australopithecines.

Accepted Answer

A) Au.aethiopicus 
B) Au.anamensis 
C) Au.bahrelghazali 
D) K.playtops 
A) Au.aethiopicus 
B) Au.anamensis 
C) Au.bahrelghazali 
D) K.playtops

Question 4

Later hominin evolution shows that __________.

Accepted Answer

A) brain size and facial size vary between larger and smaller 
B) facial size decreases while brain size long remains constant 
C) brain size increases while facial size long remains constant 
D) brain size increases while facial size decreases 
A) brain size and facial size vary between larger and smaller 
B) facial size decreases while brain size long remains constant 
C) brain size increases while facial size long remains constant 
D) brain size increases while facial size decreases

Question 5

Over time,hominin legs lengthened relative to trunk lengths which __________.

Accepted Answer

A) made climbing more difficult 
B) increased the energy requirements of hominins 
C) increased stride length and efficiency 
D) decreased the dangers presented by predators 
A) made climbing more difficult 
B) increased the energy requirements of hominins 
C) increased stride length and efficiency 
D) decreased the dangers presented by predators

Question 6

A possible ecological scenario for the evolution of bipedalism is that increasing aridity led to deforestation and the need to travel long distances to find fruit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In considering possible ancestors to the genus Homo,a good ancestor would NOT have which trait?

Accepted Answer

A) be highly specialized 
B) be less derived than potential descendants 
C) exist substantially earlier than descendant groups 
D) have characteristics that will develop further in descendant groups 
A) be highly specialized 
B) be less derived than potential descendants 
C) exist substantially earlier than descendant groups 
D) have characteristics that will develop further in descendant groups

Question 8

The __________ is a space in the tooth row that allows the canine of the lower jaw to slide past the third premolar in apes and early hominins.

Accepted Answer

A) maxilla 
B) mandible 
C) diastema 
D) double cusp 
A) maxilla 
B) mandible 
C) diastema 
D) double cusp

Question 9

The tooth enamel of apes is __________ compared to that of hominins.

Accepted Answer

A) thinner 
B) thicker 
C) chemically distinct 
D) ridged 
A) thinner 
B) thicker 
C) chemically distinct 
D) ridged

Question 10

Describe the anatomical changes that are required for the transition from quadrupedalism to bipedalism.Be sure to include changes in the legs,feet,pelvis,spinal column and skull.

Accepted Answer

The transition from quadrupedalism to bi

Question 11

According to Dean Falk and Glenn Conroy bipedalism could have developed to __________.

Accepted Answer

A) make it possible to reach fruit in trees 
B) see over tall grasses 
C) dissipate heat 
D) carry infants 
A) make it possible to reach fruit in trees 
B) see over tall grasses 
C) dissipate heat 
D) carry infants

Question 12

Lucy is significant because __________.

Accepted Answer

A) of her surprisingly small brain size 
B) the very early date of the specimen 
C) the very complete nature of the skeleton 
D) it is the sole representative of the afarensis species 
A) of her surprisingly small brain size 
B) the very early date of the specimen 
C) the very complete nature of the skeleton 
D) it is the sole representative of the afarensis species

Question 13

The footprints at Laetoli in Tanzania were made by __________.

Accepted Answer

A) Au africanus 
B) Au afarensis 
C) H.sapiens 
D) H.neanderthalensis 
A) Au africanus 
B) Au afarensis 
C) H.sapiens 
D) H.neanderthalensis

Question 14

Although accomplished as a biped,certain feature such as curved phalanges in the toes and fingers suggest that Australopithecus afarensis ?__________.

Accepted Answer

A) may have been partially arboreal 
B) could have had difficulty walking 
C) were also accomplished brachiators 
D) could swim quite well 
A) may have been partially arboreal 
B) could have had difficulty walking 
C) were also accomplished brachiators 
D) could swim quite well

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the earliest hominin species has not been identified?

Accepted Answer

A) The fossil record for hominins between 10 and 6 million years ago is poorly represented 
B) no hominin finds date from the period from 7 to 4.4 million years ago 
C) hominin fossils from the late Miocene are very fragmentary and show only slight differences from apes 
D) there are several possible candidates still under analysis 
A) The fossil record for hominins between 10 and 6 million years ago is poorly represented 
B) no hominin finds date from the period from 7 to 4.4 million years ago 
C) hominin fossils from the late Miocene are very fragmentary and show only slight differences from apes 
D) there are several possible candidates still under analysis

Question 16

What features of Australopithecus sediba separate it anatomically from other Australopithecines?

Accepted Answer

Australopithecus sediba is a species of

Question 17

Unique to Australopithecus sediba compared to other Australopithecines __________.

Accepted Answer

A) were a range of anatomical traits quite similar to later members of genus Homo 
B) was a large brain,out of proportion to body size 
C) was a canine tooth sharpening complex similar to the modern gorilla 
D) were shorter arms than average 
A) were a range of anatomical traits quite similar to later members of genus Homo 
B) was a large brain,out of proportion to body size 
C) was a canine tooth sharpening complex similar to the modern gorilla 
D) were shorter arms than average

Question 18

The concept of homology suggests that ___________ and ___________ should be central to using primate studies to reconstruct hominin behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) diet,environment 
B) intelligence,social complexity 
C) morphology,diet 
D) social complexity,genetic comparisons 
A) diet,environment 
B) intelligence,social complexity 
C) morphology,diet 
D) social complexity,genetic comparisons

Question 19

Which of the following have NOT been suggested as a reason for the development of bipedalism?

Accepted Answer

A) energetic 
B) sexual selection 
C) diet 
D) tool making 
A) energetic 
B) sexual selection 
C) diet 
D) tool making

Question 20

The oldest known stone tools come from Bouri and Gona,Ethiopia and date to about __________.

Accepted Answer

A) 3 million years ago 
B) 2.5 million years ago 
C) 2 million years ago 
D) 1.7 million years ago 
A) 3 million years ago 
B) 2.5 million years ago 
C) 2 million years ago 
D) 1.7 million years ago

Foot arches help reduce the incidence of __________ to the lower leg.

What are the physical characteristics of robust australopithecines? What do these characteristics reveal about the ecology of robust australopithecines? Be sure to include information on diet and tool use.

Most scientists agree that __________ is the most likely root ancestor of the australopithecines.

Later hominin evolution shows that __________.

Over time,hominin legs lengthened relative to trunk lengths which __________.

A possible ecological scenario for the evolution of bipedalism is that increasing aridity led to deforestation and the need to travel long distances to find fruit.

In considering possible ancestors to the genus Homo,a good ancestor would NOT have which trait?

The __________ is a space in the tooth row that allows the canine of the lower jaw to slide past the third premolar in apes and early hominins.

The tooth enamel of apes is __________ compared to that of hominins.

Describe the anatomical changes that are required for the transition from quadrupedalism to bipedalism.Be sure to include changes in the legs,feet,pelvis,spinal column and skull.

According to Dean Falk and Glenn Conroy bipedalism could have developed to __________.

Lucy is significant because __________.

The footprints at Laetoli in Tanzania were made by __________.

Although accomplished as a biped,certain feature such as curved phalanges in the toes and fingers suggest that Australopithecus afarensis ?__________.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the earliest hominin species has not been identified?

What features of Australopithecus sediba separate it anatomically from other Australopithecines?

Unique to Australopithecus sediba compared to other Australopithecines __________.

The concept of homology suggests that _ and _ should be central to using primate studies to reconstruct hominin behavior.

Which of the following have NOT been suggested as a reason for the development of bipedalism?

The oldest known stone tools come from Bouri and Gona,Ethiopia and date to about __________.

What Is Biological Anthropology

Origins of Evolutionary Thought

Genetics: Cells and Molecules

Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype

The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species

Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability

The Primates

Primate Behavior

Geology and Primate Origins

Rise of the Genus Homo

Archaic Homo Sapiens and Neandertals

The Emergence,dispersal,and Bioarchaeology of Homo Sapiens

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Biomedical and Forensic Anthropology

Filters

Exam 10: Early Hominins and Australopithecus

Foot arches help reduce the incidence of __________ to the lower leg.

What are the physical characteristics of robust australopithecines? What do these characteristics reveal about the ecology of robust australopithecines? Be sure to include information on diet and tool use.

Most scientists agree that __________ is the most likely root ancestor of the australopithecines.

Later hominin evolution shows that __________.

Over time,hominin legs lengthened relative to trunk lengths which __________.

A possible ecological scenario for the evolution of bipedalism is that increasing aridity led to deforestation and the need to travel long distances to find fruit.

In considering possible ancestors to the genus Homo,a good ancestor would NOT have which trait?

The __________ is a space in the tooth row that allows the canine of the lower jaw to slide past the third premolar in apes and early hominins.

The tooth enamel of apes is __________ compared to that of hominins.

Describe the anatomical changes that are required for the transition from quadrupedalism to bipedalism.Be sure to include changes in the legs,feet,pelvis,spinal column and skull.

According to Dean Falk and Glenn Conroy bipedalism could have developed to __________.

Lucy is significant because __________.

The footprints at Laetoli in Tanzania were made by __________.

Although accomplished as a biped,certain feature such as curved phalanges in the toes and fingers suggest that Australopithecus afarensis ?__________.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the earliest hominin species has not been identified?

What features of Australopithecus sediba separate it anatomically from other Australopithecines?

Unique to Australopithecus sediba compared to other Australopithecines __________.

The concept of homology suggests that ___________ and ___________ should be central to using primate studies to reconstruct hominin behavior.

Which of the following have NOT been suggested as a reason for the development of bipedalism?

The oldest known stone tools come from Bouri and Gona,Ethiopia and date to about __________.

What Is Biological Anthropology

Origins of Evolutionary Thought

Genetics: Cells and Molecules

Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype

The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species

Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability

The Primates

Primate Behavior

Geology and Primate Origins

Rise of the Genus Homo

Archaic Homo Sapiens and Neandertals

The Emergence,dispersal,and Bioarchaeology of Homo Sapiens

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Biomedical and Forensic Anthropology

Filters

The concept of homology suggests that _ and _ should be central to using primate studies to reconstruct hominin behavior.