Question 1

Which one of the following examples best illustrates social cognitive theorists' concept of personal agency in learning and behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  After once being bitten by a German shepherd, Seth becomes extremely anxious every time he sees a large dog. 
B)  Norah sits quietly in her history class, hoping that her teacher's lecture will somehow "sink in" and "stick" in her brain. 
C)  In order to enhance his roller skating skills, Marvin enrolls in a roller skating class. 
D)  Linda gets increasingly frustrated when she can't solve a complex math problem. 
A)  After once being bitten by a German shepherd, Seth becomes extremely anxious every time he sees a large dog. 
B)  Norah sits quietly in her history class, hoping that her teacher's lecture will somehow "sink in" and "stick" in her brain. 
C)  In order to enhance his roller skating skills, Marvin enrolls in a roller skating class. 
D)  Linda gets increasingly frustrated when she can't solve a complex math problem. C

Question 2

Listed below are four reasons why students might not want to take their schoolwork seriously or to try very hard to succeed at classroom tasks. Which one of these reasons is most clearly consistent with the concept of self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anthony is more interested in goofing around with his friends. 
B)  Bernice gets so nervous in the classroom that she "can't think straight." 
C)  Carol doesn't believe she has the ability to do the work successfully. 
D)  Danny thinks his teacher doesn't like him. 
A)  Anthony is more interested in goofing around with his friends. 
B)  Bernice gets so nervous in the classroom that she "can't think straight." 
C)  Carol doesn't believe she has the ability to do the work successfully. 
D)  Danny thinks his teacher doesn't like him. C

Question 3

People model the behaviors of some people but not others. Describe three characteristics that social cognitive theorists believe are true of people whom others are likely to model.

Accepted Answer

Social cognitive theorists believe that people are more likely to model the behaviors of individuals who possess three key characteristics.

First, individuals who are perceived as competent and knowledgeable in a particular area are more likely to be modeled by others. This is because people are more inclined to imitate those who they believe have expertise and skill in a certain domain.

Second, individuals who are seen as warm, friendly, and approachable are also more likely to be modeled by others. People are naturally drawn to those who exhibit positive social qualities, and are more likely to emulate their behaviors as a result.

Finally, individuals who are perceived as having high status or prestige within a social group are also more likely to be modeled by others. This is because people often look up to and seek to emulate those who hold positions of power or influence within a given context.

Question 4

Which one of the following best illustrates cognitive modeling?

Accepted Answer

A)  A science teacher thinks aloud, "How can I determine what makes this pendulum swing fast or slowly? Hmm, I'll change the amount of weight on the bottom, but I need to keep the length the same so I'll know that any change in speed isn't due to length." 
B)  A dance teacher carefully describes every movement that students should make when doing a country line dance to the "Boot Scootin' Boogie." 
C)  A Spanish teacher has students practice rolling their Rs by asking them to repeat this tongue twister over and over: "Erre con erre cigarro, erre con erre barril. Rápido corren los carros del ferrocarril." 
D)  After showing his students how to use a jigsaw correctly and safely, an industrial arts teacher has them practice using the saw by constructing pig-shaped cutting boards they can bring home as gifts for Mother's Day. 
A)  A science teacher thinks aloud, "How can I determine what makes this pendulum swing fast or slowly? Hmm, I'll change the amount of weight on the bottom, but I need to keep the length the same so I'll know that any change in speed isn't due to length." 
B)  A dance teacher carefully describes every movement that students should make when doing a country line dance to the "Boot Scootin' Boogie." 
C)  A Spanish teacher has students practice rolling their Rs by asking them to repeat this tongue twister over and over: "Erre con erre cigarro, erre con erre barril. Rápido corren los carros del ferrocarril." 
D)  After showing his students how to use a jigsaw correctly and safely, an industrial arts teacher has them practice using the saw by constructing pig-shaped cutting boards they can bring home as gifts for Mother's Day.

Question 5

Which one of the following best illustrates the self-reaction aspect of self-regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adele feels terrible when she inadvertently hurts a classmate's feelings. 
B)  Bonnie knows how happy her parents will be if she brings home a good report card. 
C)  Clint doesn't like striking out when it's his turn at bat because his teammates will think he's a bad baseball player. 
D)  Daryl checks his watch frequently as he takes a standardized test to be sure he can finish the test in the allotted time. 
A)  Adele feels terrible when she inadvertently hurts a classmate's feelings. 
B)  Bonnie knows how happy her parents will be if she brings home a good report card. 
C)  Clint doesn't like striking out when it's his turn at bat because his teammates will think he's a bad baseball player. 
D)  Daryl checks his watch frequently as he takes a standardized test to be sure he can finish the test in the allotted time.

Question 6

Ms. Jefferson promises her students special treats if they turn in their homework assignments the next day. But the following day Ms. Jefferson forgets to bring the treats she promised. From the perspective of social cognitive theory, what has just happened to the students who turned in their homework assignments?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have been punished for doing so. 
B)  They have been negatively reinforced for doing so. 
C)  They have been vicariously reinforced for doing so. 
D)  Their behavior has been extinguished. 
A)  They have been punished for doing so. 
B)  They have been negatively reinforced for doing so. 
C)  They have been vicariously reinforced for doing so. 
D)  Their behavior has been extinguished.

Question 7

Imagine that you are a teacher at a junior high school. Below are four behaviors you might exhibit in your classroom. Considering the textbook's discussion of modeling, choose the behavior your students are least likely to imitate.

Accepted Answer

A)  You show them how to estimate the price of an outfit they might want to buy. 
B)  You show them how to fill out their class schedule form for next year. 
C)  You show them how much you enjoy reading professional education journals. 
D)  You show them how to make a tasty fruit drink for a hot day. 
A)  You show them how to estimate the price of an outfit they might want to buy. 
B)  You show them how to fill out their class schedule form for next year. 
C)  You show them how much you enjoy reading professional education journals. 
D)  You show them how to make a tasty fruit drink for a hot day.

Question 8

Which one of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alice notices that her friend Ellen gets extra attention from the teacher when she acts helpless. Alice begins to act helpless as well. 
B)  Bill knows that he will get a higher grade if he turns in a research paper that is typed rather than handwritten, but he turns in a handwritten paper anyway. 
C)  Connie sees her friend Maria scolded for chewing gum in class. She quickly takes her own gum out of her mouth. 
D)  David sees how Justin gets good grades when he works hard on his mathematics homework, but David doesn't want to work that hard. 
A)  Alice notices that her friend Ellen gets extra attention from the teacher when she acts helpless. Alice begins to act helpless as well. 
B)  Bill knows that he will get a higher grade if he turns in a research paper that is typed rather than handwritten, but he turns in a handwritten paper anyway. 
C)  Connie sees her friend Maria scolded for chewing gum in class. She quickly takes her own gum out of her mouth. 
D)  David sees how Justin gets good grades when he works hard on his mathematics homework, but David doesn't want to work that hard.

Question 9

Only one of the following definitely illustrates high self-efficacy. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amy knows she is a good singer. 
B)  Berta swims the fastest butterfly stroke on the swim team. 
C)  Carmen enjoys being with her friends. 
D)  Darlene recently got a score of 120 on an intelligence test. 
A)  Amy knows she is a good singer. 
B)  Berta swims the fastest butterfly stroke on the swim team. 
C)  Carmen enjoys being with her friends. 
D)  Darlene recently got a score of 120 on an intelligence test.

Question 10

Which one of the following is an example of vicarious punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Johnny's teacher smiles at him when he turns in his homework on time. He now always turns his homework in one time. 
B)  Betty notices that her sister gets to watch TV after she finished her chores. Betty begins to finish her chores as well. 
C)  Jane sees her friend Olivia scolded by the teacher for talking out of turn in class. Jane stops talking out of turn in class. 
D)  Lauren notices Emily get in trouble by the teacher for not cleaning her desk, but Lauren doesn't want to clean out her desk. 
A)  Johnny's teacher smiles at him when he turns in his homework on time. He now always turns his homework in one time. 
B)  Betty notices that her sister gets to watch TV after she finished her chores. Betty begins to finish her chores as well. 
C)  Jane sees her friend Olivia scolded by the teacher for talking out of turn in class. Jane stops talking out of turn in class. 
D)  Lauren notices Emily get in trouble by the teacher for not cleaning her desk, but Lauren doesn't want to clean out her desk.

Question 11

Social cognitive theorists propose that people often become increasingly self-regulating over time.
a. Explain what social cognitive theorists mean by the term self-regulation, and give a concrete explanation to illustrate your explanation.
b. Identify an activity or domain in which you might help someone else become increasingly self-regulating. Then describe two specific strategies you might use to promote that person's self-regulation. Your strategies should be based on concepts and/or principles that social cognitive theorists offer.

Accepted Answer

a. Social cognitive theorists define sel

Question 12

Which one of the following alternatives best describes the disinhibition effect that social cognitive theorists describe?

Accepted Answer

A)  People may engage in a previously prohibited behavior if they see someone else being reinforced for that behavior. 
B)  People are less likely to engage in behaviors they have seen other people punished for. 
C)  People are less likely to engage in behaviors they have previously been punished for. 
D)  When people are punished for one behavior, they will tend to refrain from exhibiting that behavior; however, they will be more likely to engage in similar behaviors that are not punished. 
A)  People may engage in a previously prohibited behavior if they see someone else being reinforced for that behavior. 
B)  People are less likely to engage in behaviors they have seen other people punished for. 
C)  People are less likely to engage in behaviors they have previously been punished for. 
D)  When people are punished for one behavior, they will tend to refrain from exhibiting that behavior; however, they will be more likely to engage in similar behaviors that are not punished.

Question 13

Jim has a high sense of self-efficacy regarding his ability to work with his hands. Based on this information, we would predict three of the following from social cognitive theory. Which one would we not necessarily predict?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jim will frequently choose activities that involve working with his hands. 
B)  Jim will be a bit careless when he works with his hands, so he will frequently make silly little mistakes. 
C)  Compared to Joe, who has low self-efficacy, Jim will do a better job at such hands-on tasks. 
D)  If Jim has difficulty at a task requiring his handiwork, he will tend to "try, try again" until he gets it right. 
A)  Jim will frequently choose activities that involve working with his hands. 
B)  Jim will be a bit careless when he works with his hands, so he will frequently make silly little mistakes. 
C)  Compared to Joe, who has low self-efficacy, Jim will do a better job at such hands-on tasks. 
D)  If Jim has difficulty at a task requiring his handiwork, he will tend to "try, try again" until he gets it right.

Question 14

Using the perspective of social cognitive theory, describe the effects that the nonoccurrence of expected reinforcement and expected punishment have on later behavior.

Accepted Answer

According to social cognitive theory, th

Question 15

Bandura proposes that four processes are necessary in order for someone to model another's behavior. Describe each of them, and illustrate your discussion with a concrete example.

Accepted Answer

Bandura's social learning theory propose

Question 16

Define the concept of vicarious reinforcement and give a concrete example to illustrate this concept in action. Also, describe the effect that vicarious reinforcement has on a person's behavior.

Accepted Answer

Vicarious reinforcement is a psychologic

Question 17

Bandura proposes that three of the following conditions are necessary for modeling to occur. Which one is not necessary?

Accepted Answer

A)  Motivation to perform the behavior 
B)  Memory of the observed behavior 
C)  A relatively stress-free environment 
D)  Attention to the model 
A)  Motivation to perform the behavior 
B)  Memory of the observed behavior 
C)  A relatively stress-free environment 
D)  Attention to the model

Question 18

If we consider the concept of reciprocal causation, we must conclude that students' behavior in the classroom is influenced:

Accepted Answer

A)  Primarily by what teachers do in the classroom 
B)  Primarily by how students think about classroom material 
C)  Both by classroom events and the student's expectations about the classroom 
D)  Largely by things that have happened to students in the past 
A)  Primarily by what teachers do in the classroom 
B)  Primarily by how students think about classroom material 
C)  Both by classroom events and the student's expectations about the classroom 
D)  Largely by things that have happened to students in the past

Question 19

Social cognitive theory can best be characterized as being concerned with learning

Accepted Answer

A)  communication skills 
B)  socially appropriate behaviors 
C)  through observations of others 
D)  subject matter in the social sciences 
E) g., geography, psychology) 
A)  communication skills 
B)  socially appropriate behaviors 
C)  through observations of others 
D)  subject matter in the social sciences 
E) g., geography, psychology)

Question 20

Describe three different ways in which you might apply social cognitive theory in your own profession teaching, counseling, instructional design, etc.). Identify the specific concepts and/or principles you are applying, and be concrete and specific about how you would apply each one.

Accepted Answer

As a teacher, I can apply social cogniti

Which one of the following examples best illustrates social cognitive theorists' concept of personal agency in learning and behavior?

Listed below are four reasons why students might not want to take their schoolwork seriously or to try very hard to succeed at classroom tasks. Which one of these reasons is most clearly consistent with the concept of self-efficacy?

People model the behaviors of some people but not others. Describe three characteristics that social cognitive theorists believe are true of people whom others are likely to model.

Which one of the following best illustrates cognitive modeling?

Which one of the following best illustrates the self-reaction aspect of self-regulation?

Imagine that you are a teacher at a junior high school. Below are four behaviors you might exhibit in your classroom. Considering the textbook's discussion of modeling, choose the behavior your students are least likely to imitate.

Which one of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Only one of the following definitely illustrates high self-efficacy. Which one?

Which one of the following is an example of vicarious punishment?

Which one of the following alternatives best describes the disinhibition effect that social cognitive theorists describe?

Jim has a high sense of self-efficacy regarding his ability to work with his hands. Based on this information, we would predict three of the following from social cognitive theory. Which one would we not necessarily predict?

Using the perspective of social cognitive theory, describe the effects that the nonoccurrence of expected reinforcement and expected punishment have on later behavior.

Bandura proposes that four processes are necessary in order for someone to model another's behavior. Describe each of them, and illustrate your discussion with a concrete example.

Define the concept of vicarious reinforcement and give a concrete example to illustrate this concept in action. Also, describe the effect that vicarious reinforcement has on a person's behavior.

Bandura proposes that three of the following conditions are necessary for modeling to occur. Which one is not necessary?

If we consider the concept of reciprocal causation, we must conclude that students' behavior in the classroom is influenced:

Social cognitive theory can best be characterized as being concerned with learning

Describe three different ways in which you might apply social cognitive theory in your own profession teaching, counseling, instructional design, etc.). Identify the specific concepts and/or principles you are applying, and be concrete and specific about how you would apply each one.

Perspectives on Learning

Learning and the Brain

Behaviorist Principles and Theories

Applications of Behaviorist Principles

Introduction to Cognitivism

Basic Components of Memory

Long-Term Memory Storage and Retrieval Processes

The Nature of Knowledge

Cognitive Developmental Perspectives

Sociocultural Theory and Other Contextual Perspectives

Metacognition, Self-Regulated Learning, and Study Strategies

Transfer, Problem Solving, and Critical Thinking Chapter 13 Transfer, Problem Solving, and Critical Thinking Multiple Choice Questions

Motivation and Affect

Cognitive Factors in Motivation

Filters

Exam 5: Social Cognitive Theory

Which one of the following examples best illustrates social cognitive theorists' concept of personal agency in learning and behavior?

Listed below are four reasons why students might not want to take their schoolwork seriously or to try very hard to succeed at classroom tasks. Which one of these reasons is most clearly consistent with the concept of self-efficacy?

People model the behaviors of some people but not others. Describe three characteristics that social cognitive theorists believe are true of people whom others are likely to model.

Which one of the following best illustrates cognitive modeling?

Which one of the following best illustrates the self-reaction aspect of self-regulation?

Imagine that you are a teacher at a junior high school. Below are four behaviors you might exhibit in your classroom. Considering the textbook's discussion of modeling, choose the behavior your students are least likely to imitate.

Which one of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Only one of the following definitely illustrates high self-efficacy. Which one?

Which one of the following is an example of vicarious punishment?

Which one of the following alternatives best describes the disinhibition effect that social cognitive theorists describe?

Jim has a high sense of self-efficacy regarding his ability to work with his hands. Based on this information, we would predict three of the following from social cognitive theory. Which one would we not necessarily predict?

Using the perspective of social cognitive theory, describe the effects that the nonoccurrence of expected reinforcement and expected punishment have on later behavior.

Bandura proposes that four processes are necessary in order for someone to model another's behavior. Describe each of them, and illustrate your discussion with a concrete example.

Define the concept of vicarious reinforcement and give a concrete example to illustrate this concept in action. Also, describe the effect that vicarious reinforcement has on a person's behavior.

Bandura proposes that three of the following conditions are necessary for modeling to occur. Which one is not necessary?

If we consider the concept of reciprocal causation, we must conclude that students' behavior in the classroom is influenced:

Social cognitive theory can best be characterized as being concerned with learning

Describe three different ways in which you might apply social cognitive theory in your own profession teaching, counseling, instructional design, etc.). Identify the specific concepts and/or principles you are applying, and be concrete and specific about how you would apply each one.

Perspectives on Learning

Learning and the Brain

Behaviorist Principles and Theories

Applications of Behaviorist Principles

Introduction to Cognitivism

Basic Components of Memory

Long-Term Memory Storage and Retrieval Processes

The Nature of Knowledge

Cognitive Developmental Perspectives

Sociocultural Theory and Other Contextual Perspectives

Metacognition, Self-Regulated Learning, and Study Strategies

Transfer, Problem Solving, and Critical Thinking Chapter 13 Transfer, Problem Solving, and Critical Thinking Multiple Choice Questions

Motivation and Affect

Cognitive Factors in Motivation

Filters