Question 1

Which type of heat transfer occurs without any movement of matter?

Accepted Answer

A)  transduction and radiation 
B)  conduction and radiation 
C)  transference and conduction 
D)  convection and radiation 
A)  transduction and radiation 
B)  conduction and radiation 
C)  transference and conduction 
D)  convection and radiation

Question 2

What hypothesis has been presented for the close parallel relationship of the magnetic field and the rotation axis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rotation causes spiraling convection currents in the outer core. 
B)  Rotation causes spiraling convection currents in the outer mantle. 
C)  Rotation causes spiraling convection currents in the inner mantle. 
D)  Rotation causes spiraling convection currents in the inner core. 
A)  Rotation causes spiraling convection currents in the outer core. 
B)  Rotation causes spiraling convection currents in the outer mantle. 
C)  Rotation causes spiraling convection currents in the inner mantle. 
D)  Rotation causes spiraling convection currents in the inner core.

Question 3

What is a dynamo?

Accepted Answer

A)  a rotating body containing fluid whose movement maintains the rotation 
B)  a rotating magnet whose magnetism maintains the rotation 
C)  a rotating device that changes motion energy to electrical energy 
D)  a rotating body that contains fluid and magnetism 
A)  a rotating body containing fluid whose movement maintains the rotation 
B)  a rotating magnet whose magnetism maintains the rotation 
C)  a rotating device that changes motion energy to electrical energy 
D)  a rotating body that contains fluid and magnetism

Question 4

What did Glatzmaier and Roberts' model suggest as a reason for magnetic reversal?

Accepted Answer

A)  interactions between magnetic fields in the inner and outer cores 
B)  alterations to forces on Earth by other planets 
C)  alterations to forces on Earth by changes in the Sun 
D)  metamorphism of rocks in the crust 
A)  interactions between magnetic fields in the inner and outer cores 
B)  alterations to forces on Earth by other planets 
C)  alterations to forces on Earth by changes in the Sun 
D)  metamorphism of rocks in the crust

Question 5

How many years were required for a magnetic reversal to occur according to Glatzmaier and Roberts' computer simulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  500 
B)  1,000 
C)  20,000 
D)  200,000 
A)  500 
B)  1,000 
C)  20,000 
D)  200,000

Question 6

How do geologists know that the magnetic field of Earth has changed constantly over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  by the direction of historical lava flows, which they have been able to date with radioactive dating methods 
B)  by crystals that have formed in metamorphic rocks 
C)  by records kept in magnetic rock-forming minerals 
D)  by analyzing and extrapolating records kept by scientists since the 1600s 
A)  by the direction of historical lava flows, which they have been able to date with radioactive dating methods 
B)  by crystals that have formed in metamorphic rocks 
C)  by records kept in magnetic rock-forming minerals 
D)  by analyzing and extrapolating records kept by scientists since the 1600s

Question 7

How could the mantle be too thin to prevent convection?

Accepted Answer

insufficie

Question 8

Liquid metal at the base of the outer core moves upward due to ________ convection.

Accepted Answer

A)  thermal 
B)  chemical 
C)  brittle 
D)  elastic 
A)  thermal 
B)  chemical 
C)  brittle 
D)  elastic

Question 9

How long did the supercomputer require to run Glatzmaier and Roberts' original simulation of 45,000 years?

Accepted Answer

A)  a day 
B)  a week 
C)  a month 
D)  a year 
A)  a day 
B)  a week 
C)  a month 
D)  a year

Question 10

What key features have emerged through the examination of the map of Earth's magnetic field?

Accepted Answer

"1. The pattern of Earth's magnetic fiel

Question 11

Which of the following is not an effect of convection of Earth's outer core?

Accepted Answer

A)  Earth's plates move with tectonic action. 
B)  Humans are able to navigate using compasses. 
C)  Animals follow continuous migration patterns. 
D)  Hazardous cosmic radiation is deflected from Earth. 
A)  Earth's plates move with tectonic action. 
B)  Humans are able to navigate using compasses. 
C)  Animals follow continuous migration patterns. 
D)  Hazardous cosmic radiation is deflected from Earth.

Question 12

In most cases, the distance between the seismically slow upwelling zone and the closest downwelling zone is

Accepted Answer

A)  much greater than the thickness of the convecting mass. 
B)  much less than the thickness of the convecting mass. 
C)  about the same as the thickness of the convecting mass. 
D)  about the same as the thickness of the mantle. 
A)  much greater than the thickness of the convecting mass. 
B)  much less than the thickness of the convecting mass. 
C)  about the same as the thickness of the convecting mass. 
D)  about the same as the thickness of the mantle.

Question 13

Without convection, there would be no volcanoes on Earth because

Accepted Answer

A)  all the convecting material spurts out at the surface. 
B)  rising mantle material undergoes decompression melting. 
C)  molten outer-core melts the lower continental crust. 
D)  volcanoes sink down into Earth near down-going convention cells. 
A)  all the convecting material spurts out at the surface. 
B)  rising mantle material undergoes decompression melting. 
C)  molten outer-core melts the lower continental crust. 
D)  volcanoes sink down into Earth near down-going convention cells.

Question 14

"How does outer-core convection generate the magnetic field?"

Accepted Answer

"The shape of Earth's magnetic field res

Question 15

Have you ever made a convection cell? What about when you boil water for pasta?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Have you ever made a convection cell?...

Question 16

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below. Ice cubes rise to the top of a glass of water because ice is less dense than water.

Accepted Answer

A)  The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect. 
B)  The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct. 
C)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. 
D)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. 
E)  Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect. 
A)  The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect. 
B)  The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct. 
C)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. 
D)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. 
E)  Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

Question 17

A self-sustaining geodynamo in the outer core generates Earth's magnetic field.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

During periods of magnetic reversals your compass needle would point south rather than north.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Mantle convection occurs because upward-moving rock expands more by decompression than it contracts by cooling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

"Why create a computer simulation of Natural Processes?"

Accepted Answer

"When necessary, computer models replace

Exam 10: Motion Inside Earth

Which type of heat transfer occurs without any movement of matter?

What hypothesis has been presented for the close parallel relationship of the magnetic field and the rotation axis?

What is a dynamo?

What did Glatzmaier and Roberts' model suggest as a reason for magnetic reversal?

How many years were required for a magnetic reversal to occur according to Glatzmaier and Roberts' computer simulation?

How do geologists know that the magnetic field of Earth has changed constantly over time?

How could the mantle be too thin to prevent convection?

Liquid metal at the base of the outer core moves upward due to ________ convection.

How long did the supercomputer require to run Glatzmaier and Roberts' original simulation of 45,000 years?

What key features have emerged through the examination of the map of Earth's magnetic field?

Which of the following is not an effect of convection of Earth's outer core?

In most cases, the distance between the seismically slow upwelling zone and the closest downwelling zone is

Without convection, there would be no volcanoes on Earth because

"How does outer-core convection generate the magnetic field?"

Have you ever made a convection cell? What about when you boil water for pasta?

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below. Ice cubes rise to the top of a glass of water because ice is less dense than water.

A self-sustaining geodynamo in the outer core generates Earth's magnetic field.

During periods of magnetic reversals your compass needle would point south rather than north.

Mantle convection occurs because upward-moving rock expands more by decompression than it contracts by cooling.

"Why create a computer simulation of Natural Processes?"

Why Study Earth

Minerals: Building Blocks of the Planet

Rocks and Rock-Forming Processes

Formation of Magma and Igneous Rocks

Formation of Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

Formation of Metamorphic Rocks

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Making Earth

Deformation of Rocks

Global Tectonics: Plates and Plumes

Tectonics and Surface Relief

Soil Formation and Landscape Stability

Mass Movements: Landscapes in Motion

Streams: Flowing Water Shapes the Landscape

Water Flowing Underground

Glaciers: Cold-Climate Sculptors of Continents

Shorelines: Changing Landscapes Where Land Meets Sea

Wind: a Global Geologic Process

Global Warming: Real Time Change in the Earth System

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