Question 1

The Neptunist interpretation of rock formation held that nearly all rocks formed by

Accepted Answer

A)  the remains of plants and animals. 
B)  chemical precipitation from water. 
C)  cooling from molten rock. 
D)  transport from Neptune. 
A)  the remains of plants and animals. 
B)  chemical precipitation from water. 
C)  cooling from molten rock. 
D)  transport from Neptune.

Question 2

The genetic classification of rock requires making ________ regarding their origins.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypotheses 
B)  observations 
C)  inferences 
D)  experiments 
A)  hypotheses 
B)  observations 
C)  inferences 
D)  experiments

Question 3

Discuss the relationship between Igneous and Metamorphic rocks. (3.4)

Accepted Answer

A metamorphic rock could melt into magma

Question 4

How would a chemical sedimentary rock form?

Accepted Answer

A)  from the precipitation of minerals 
B)  particles of preexisting rocks liberate by physical weathering, then cement together 
C)  a metamorphic rock breaks down 
D)  a sedimentary rock is intensely heated 
A)  from the precipitation of minerals 
B)  particles of preexisting rocks liberate by physical weathering, then cement together 
C)  a metamorphic rock breaks down 
D)  a sedimentary rock is intensely heated

Question 5

Which word best describes volcanic rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  cemented 
B)  transparent 
C)  intergrown 
D)  fragmented 
A)  cemented 
B)  transparent 
C)  intergrown 
D)  fragmented

Question 6

Why were the Vulcanists named so?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vulcan was the Roman god of the heavens. 
B)  Vulcan was the Roman god of fire. 
C)  Vulcan was the Roman god of earth. 
D)  Vulcan was the Roman god of the seas. 
A)  Vulcan was the Roman god of the heavens. 
B)  Vulcan was the Roman god of fire. 
C)  Vulcan was the Roman god of earth. 
D)  Vulcan was the Roman god of the seas.

Question 7

Extrusive is to volcanic as ________ is to plutonic.

Accepted Answer

A)  igneous 
B)  intrusive 
C)  clastic 
D)  chemical 
A)  igneous 
B)  intrusive 
C)  clastic 
D)  chemical

Question 8

Metamorphic transformations require conditions found

Accepted Answer

A)  on Earth's surface. 
B)  inside Earth. 
C)  in Earth's mantle. 
D)  only where magma forms. 
A)  on Earth's surface. 
B)  inside Earth. 
C)  in Earth's mantle. 
D)  only where magma forms.

Question 9

What must occur for metamorphic rock to become magma?

Accepted Answer

A)  crystallization 
B)  melting 
C)  precipitation 
D)  lithification 
A)  crystallization 
B)  melting 
C)  precipitation 
D)  lithification

Question 10

You are given a Metamorphic rock. From what previous rock type did it form?

Accepted Answer

A)  metamorphic 
B)  igneous 
C)  metamorphic, igneous, or sedimentary 
D)  sedimentary 
A)  metamorphic 
B)  igneous 
C)  metamorphic, igneous, or sedimentary 
D)  sedimentary

Question 11

Why is one way to distinguish metamorphic rocks from igneous rocks mineralogy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The composition of each rock results in different texture. 
B)  The composition of each rock results in different colors. 
C)  Igneous rocks, since formed underground, are made up of the same elements as metamorphic rocks. 
D)  Metamorphic rocks are primarily made up of silicates, which igneous rocks don't primarily contain when cooled from magma. 
A)  The composition of each rock results in different texture. 
B)  The composition of each rock results in different colors. 
C)  Igneous rocks, since formed underground, are made up of the same elements as metamorphic rocks. 
D)  Metamorphic rocks are primarily made up of silicates, which igneous rocks don't primarily contain when cooled from magma.

Question 12

What may result from metamorphism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Precipitated elements become a metamorphic rock. 
B)  Magma becomes a metamorphic rock. 
C)  Sedimentary rock becomes a metamorphic rock. 
D)  Lava becomes a metamorphic rock. 
A)  Precipitated elements become a metamorphic rock. 
B)  Magma becomes a metamorphic rock. 
C)  Sedimentary rock becomes a metamorphic rock. 
D)  Lava becomes a metamorphic rock.

Question 13

You are given two rock samples; one is said to be a clastic sedimentary rock and the other a chemical sedimentary rock. How can you tell which is which? (3.2)

Accepted Answer

Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed wh

Question 14

Why can igneous rocks be distinguished from chemical sedimentary rocks based on composition?

Accepted Answer

A)  The composition of each rock results in different texture. 
B)  The composition of each rock results in different colors. 
C)  Igneous rocks, since formed underground, are made up of the same elements as chemical sedimentary rocks. 
D)  Igneous rocks are primarily made up of silicates, which chemical sedimentary rocks don't contain. 
A)  The composition of each rock results in different texture. 
B)  The composition of each rock results in different colors. 
C)  Igneous rocks, since formed underground, are made up of the same elements as chemical sedimentary rocks. 
D)  Igneous rocks are primarily made up of silicates, which chemical sedimentary rocks don't contain.

Question 15

Contrast volcanic rock and sandstone.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sandstone has crystals but volcanic rock is amorphous. 
B)  Sandstone's crystal cement is made of minerals precipitated out of water, while volcanic rock's crystals formed from molten rock. 
C)  Volcanic rock's crystal cement is glass-like, while sandstone's cement is opaque. 
D)  Volcanic rock may be a mosaic of minerals, but sandstone usually forms from a single type of sand. 
A)  Sandstone has crystals but volcanic rock is amorphous. 
B)  Sandstone's crystal cement is made of minerals precipitated out of water, while volcanic rock's crystals formed from molten rock. 
C)  Volcanic rock's crystal cement is glass-like, while sandstone's cement is opaque. 
D)  Volcanic rock may be a mosaic of minerals, but sandstone usually forms from a single type of sand.

Question 16

How did a coarse-grained inclusion that erupted from a volcano form by internal processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The material was precipitated from groundwater. 
B)  Intense heat and pressure formed the metamorphic rock in the inclusion. 
C)  Cooling lava erupted from a volcano. 
D)  Coarser rocks form from the slow solidification of magma beneath Earth's surface. 
A)  The material was precipitated from groundwater. 
B)  Intense heat and pressure formed the metamorphic rock in the inclusion. 
C)  Cooling lava erupted from a volcano. 
D)  Coarser rocks form from the slow solidification of magma beneath Earth's surface.

Question 17

Silicates do not commonly form chemical sedimentary rock. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Silicates do not dissolve as easily as these other more strongly ionic compounds. 
B)  Silicates are too heavy. 
C)  Silicates are not abundant enough. 
D)  Silicates melt too easily. 
A)  Silicates do not dissolve as easily as these other more strongly ionic compounds. 
B)  Silicates are too heavy. 
C)  Silicates are not abundant enough. 
D)  Silicates melt too easily.

Question 18

Why is crystallization such an important part of the rock cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Melting occurs as a result of crystallization. 
B)  Metamorphism occurs as a result of crystallization. 
C)  Volcanoes are made because of crystallization. 
D)  In order for igneous rocks to be made, crystallization must occur. 
A)  Melting occurs as a result of crystallization. 
B)  Metamorphism occurs as a result of crystallization. 
C)  Volcanoes are made because of crystallization. 
D)  In order for igneous rocks to be made, crystallization must occur.

Question 19

The easiest way to distinguish a sedimentary rock from other types is by its

Accepted Answer

A)  grain size. 
B)  color. 
C)  bedding. 
D)  location. 
A)  grain size. 
B)  color. 
C)  bedding. 
D)  location.

Question 20

An example using a genetic classification of minerals is

Accepted Answer

A)  The Metamorphic Minerals. 
B)  The Mohs Hardness Minerals. 
C)  The Silicate Structures. 
D)  The Rock Forming Minerals. 
A)  The Metamorphic Minerals. 
B)  The Mohs Hardness Minerals. 
C)  The Silicate Structures. 
D)  The Rock Forming Minerals.

Exam 3: Rocks and Rock-Forming Processes

The Neptunist interpretation of rock formation held that nearly all rocks formed by

The genetic classification of rock requires making ________ regarding their origins.

Discuss the relationship between Igneous and Metamorphic rocks. (3.4)

How would a chemical sedimentary rock form?

Which word best describes volcanic rock?

Why were the Vulcanists named so?

Extrusive is to volcanic as ________ is to plutonic.

Metamorphic transformations require conditions found

What must occur for metamorphic rock to become magma?

You are given a Metamorphic rock. From what previous rock type did it form?

Why is one way to distinguish metamorphic rocks from igneous rocks mineralogy?

What may result from metamorphism?

You are given two rock samples; one is said to be a clastic sedimentary rock and the other a chemical sedimentary rock. How can you tell which is which? (3.2)

Why can igneous rocks be distinguished from chemical sedimentary rocks based on composition?

Contrast volcanic rock and sandstone.

How did a coarse-grained inclusion that erupted from a volcano form by internal processes?

Silicates do not commonly form chemical sedimentary rock. Why?

Why is crystallization such an important part of the rock cycle?

The easiest way to distinguish a sedimentary rock from other types is by its

An example using a genetic classification of minerals is

Why Study Earth

Minerals: Building Blocks of the Planet

Formation of Magma and Igneous Rocks

Formation of Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

Formation of Metamorphic Rocks

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Making Earth

Motion Inside Earth

Deformation of Rocks

Global Tectonics: Plates and Plumes

Tectonics and Surface Relief

Soil Formation and Landscape Stability

Mass Movements: Landscapes in Motion

Streams: Flowing Water Shapes the Landscape

Water Flowing Underground

Glaciers: Cold-Climate Sculptors of Continents

Shorelines: Changing Landscapes Where Land Meets Sea

Wind: a Global Geologic Process

Global Warming: Real Time Change in the Earth System

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