Exam 13: Pooling Cross Sections Across Time: Simple Panel Data Methods

The average treatment effect measures _____.

A natural experiment always has a control group, which is affected by the policy change, and a treatment group, which is not affected by the policy change.

The systematic differences between the control and treatment groups can be controlled by taking two years data, _____.​

Which of the following assumptions is required to obtain a first-differenced estimator in a two-period panel data analysis?

A regression model exhibits unobserved heterogeneity if _____.

Idiosyncratic error is the error that occurs due to _____.

In a natural experiment, the same cross-sectional units appear in each time period.

The general approach to obtaining fully robust standard errors and test statistics in the context of panel data is known as _____.

A Chow test _____.

One way of organizing two periods of panel data is to have only one record per cross-sectional unit.

Ordinary least squares estimation is subject to heterogeneity bias if _____.

Composite error is the error that occurs due to _____.

​If each variable in a single cross-sectional equation is differenced over time, then it is called the:

First-differenced estimation in a panel data analysis is subject to serious biases if _____.

The assumption of "strict exogeneity" in a regression model means that _____.

A natural experiment occurs when an endogenous event changes the environment in which individuals, families, firms, or cities operate.

A data set is a balanced panel if it _____.

If a random sample is drawn at each time period, pooling the resulting random samples gives us a panel data set.

Which of the following is a reason for using independently pooled cross sections?

Which of the following assumptions is needed for the usual standard errors to be valid when differencing with more than two time periods?