Question 1

Which of the two cognitive systems (System 1 and System 2)is most often used,and in what kinds of decision is it typically used?

Accepted Answer

System 1 thinking is used more often.It is used typically in routine,everyday choices.

Question 2

In the interplay between system 1 and system 2 thinking,the key goal for managers is:

Accepted Answer

A) To improve their use of system 1 thinking. 
B) To attempt to use system 2 thinking as much as possible. 
C) To apply both systems in making decisions in order to perform a more thorough and complex search for alternatives. 
D) To identify when they should move from system 1 to system 2 thinking. 
A) To improve their use of system 1 thinking. 
B) To attempt to use system 2 thinking as much as possible. 
C) To apply both systems in making decisions in order to perform a more thorough and complex search for alternatives. 
D) To identify when they should move from system 1 to system 2 thinking. D

Question 3

Succumbing to heuristics is inevitable,and there is no way to make judgment less prone them.Rather,one can only be aware of the biasing effect heuristics have on one's judgment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

For each question, indicate which heuristic it describes:
-John is over seven feet tall.When asked whether John is a professional basketball player or a software programmer,many people predict the former,even though there are many more software programmers,even very tall ones,than professional basketball players.

Accepted Answer

A) The representativeness heuristic. 
B) The availability heuristic. 
C) The confirmation heuristic. 
D) The affect heuristic. 
A) The representativeness heuristic. 
B) The availability heuristic. 
C) The confirmation heuristic. 
D) The affect heuristic.

Question 5

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of heuristics?

Accepted Answer

A) They provide us with a simple way of dealing with complex problems. 
B) They have the best likelihood of reaching an optimal solution to a problem. 
C) They are time and resource consuming. 
D) They are used mainly by irrational decision makers. 
A) They provide us with a simple way of dealing with complex problems. 
B) They have the best likelihood of reaching an optimal solution to a problem. 
C) They are time and resource consuming. 
D) They are used mainly by irrational decision makers.

Question 6

For each question, indicate which heuristic it describes:
-Inner city crime in the U.S.gets considerable media coverage,such that every homicide is reported in the news.In contrast,a story of a person who died from a heart attack rarely makes the news.This leads people to overestimate the frequency of deaths due to homicides relative to those due to heart failure.

Accepted Answer

A) The representativeness heuristic. 
B) The availability heuristic. 
C) The confirmation heuristic. 
D) The affect heuristic. 
A) The representativeness heuristic. 
B) The availability heuristic. 
C) The confirmation heuristic. 
D) The affect heuristic.

Question 7

Rating alternatives on each of the decision criteria is considered the most difficult stage of the decision-making process,because:

Accepted Answer

A) It assumes we have precisely defined our priorities. 
B) It requires us to forecast how each alternative solution will achieve each of our decision criteria. 
C) It requires us to compare all of the alternatives simultaneously. 
D) It is likely to fail if our problem is not defined correctly,and this failure will not be detected. 
A) It assumes we have precisely defined our priorities. 
B) It requires us to forecast how each alternative solution will achieve each of our decision criteria. 
C) It requires us to compare all of the alternatives simultaneously. 
D) It is likely to fail if our problem is not defined correctly,and this failure will not be detected.

Question 8

For each question, indicate which heuristic it describes:
-After reading about the positive effect chocolate has on student performance,a teacher gives each student in a class a chocolate bar before taking an exam.15 out of 22 students in that class get an A on the exam.The teacher therefore concludes that chocolate enhances performance.

Accepted Answer

A) The representativeness heuristic. 
B) The availability heuristic. 
C) The confirmation heuristic. 
D) The affect heuristic. 
A) The representativeness heuristic. 
B) The availability heuristic. 
C) The confirmation heuristic. 
D) The affect heuristic.

Question 9

A search for alternatives may be too short to find the best possible alternative,but still be considered rational and optimal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The affect heuristic can explain why

Accepted Answer

A) People who live in California are assumed to be happier than people who live in the Midwest. 
B) Students predict they will be sadder after getting a bad grade on a test than they actually are in these situations. 
C) People do not remember sad events from their early childhood. 
D) Stock prices go up on sunny days. 
A) People who live in California are assumed to be happier than people who live in the Midwest. 
B) Students predict they will be sadder after getting a bad grade on a test than they actually are in these situations. 
C) People do not remember sad events from their early childhood. 
D) Stock prices go up on sunny days.

Question 11

This book takes a descriptive,rather than a prescriptive approach,to studying decision making,meaning that it provides ways to understand actual human decision making,but does not provide tools for improving one's decision processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

For each question, indicate which heuristic it describes:
-A common wisdom in politics is that the more an argument is repeated,the more it will be considered by the public as reliable and true.

Accepted Answer

A) The representativeness heuristic. 
B) The availability heuristic. 
C) The confirmation heuristic. 
D) The affect heuristic. 
A) The representativeness heuristic. 
B) The availability heuristic. 
C) The confirmation heuristic. 
D) The affect heuristic.

Question 13

An optimal search for alternatives should last:

Accepted Answer

A) As long as needed to find the best solution. 
B) As long as needed to find the first good enough solution. 
C) As long as the cost of the search does not outweigh the value of the added information. 
D) As long as the cost of the search is within the appropriate limits set by the decision maker. 
A) As long as needed to find the best solution. 
B) As long as needed to find the first good enough solution. 
C) As long as the cost of the search does not outweigh the value of the added information. 
D) As long as the cost of the search is within the appropriate limits set by the decision maker.

Question 14

The main disadvantage of system 2 thinking is its high resource consumption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which of the two cognitive systems (System 1 and System 2)is most often used,and in what kinds of decision is it typically used?

In the interplay between system 1 and system 2 thinking,the key goal for managers is:

Succumbing to heuristics is inevitable,and there is no way to make judgment less prone them.Rather,one can only be aware of the biasing effect heuristics have on one's judgment.

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of heuristics?

Rating alternatives on each of the decision criteria is considered the most difficult stage of the decision-making process,because:

A search for alternatives may be too short to find the best possible alternative,but still be considered rational and optimal.

The affect heuristic can explain why

This book takes a descriptive,rather than a prescriptive approach,to studying decision making,meaning that it provides ways to understand actual human decision making,but does not provide tools for improving one's decision processes.

For each question, indicate which heuristic it describes: -A common wisdom in politics is that the more an argument is repeated,the more it will be considered by the public as reliable and true.

An optimal search for alternatives should last:

The main disadvantage of system 2 thinking is its high resource consumption.

Overconfidence

Common Biases

Bounded Awareness

Framing and the Reversal of Preferences

Motivational and Emotional Influences on Decision Making

The Escalation of Commitment

Fairness and Ethics in Decision Making

Common Investment Mistakes

Making Rational Decisions in Negotiations

Negotiator Cognition

Improving Decision Making

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Exam 1: Introduction to Managerial Decision Making

Which of the two cognitive systems (System 1 and System 2)is most often used,and in what kinds of decision is it typically used?

In the interplay between system 1 and system 2 thinking,the key goal for managers is:

Succumbing to heuristics is inevitable,and there is no way to make judgment less prone them.Rather,one can only be aware of the biasing effect heuristics have on one's judgment.

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of heuristics?

Rating alternatives on each of the decision criteria is considered the most difficult stage of the decision-making process,because:

A search for alternatives may be too short to find the best possible alternative,but still be considered rational and optimal.

The affect heuristic can explain why

This book takes a descriptive,rather than a prescriptive approach,to studying decision making,meaning that it provides ways to understand actual human decision making,but does not provide tools for improving one's decision processes.

For each question, indicate which heuristic it describes: -A common wisdom in politics is that the more an argument is repeated,the more it will be considered by the public as reliable and true.

An optimal search for alternatives should last:

The main disadvantage of system 2 thinking is its high resource consumption.

Overconfidence

Common Biases

Bounded Awareness

Framing and the Reversal of Preferences

Motivational and Emotional Influences on Decision Making

The Escalation of Commitment

Fairness and Ethics in Decision Making

Common Investment Mistakes

Making Rational Decisions in Negotiations

Negotiator Cognition

Improving Decision Making

Filters