Question 1

Ray is watching his brother practicing his slap shots in the driveway.Even though Ray isn't playing,it is likely that there is activity in his ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  mirror neurons 
B)  vicarious neurons 
C)  occipital lobe 
D)  primary visual cortex 
A)  mirror neurons 
B)  vicarious neurons 
C)  occipital lobe 
D)  primary visual cortex

Question 2

Jack has been using heroin in his apartment every day for the past two months.He finds that now it takes more heroin to get him high.This example demonstrates ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  drug stimulus generalization 
B)  extinction 
C)  drug stimulus discrimination 
D)  tolerance 
A)  drug stimulus generalization 
B)  extinction 
C)  drug stimulus discrimination 
D)  tolerance

Question 3

Adam was badly stung by a bee once.Now he has an exaggerated fear NOT only of bees but also of all flying insects.In part through stimulus ___,Adam has developed a(n)___.

Accepted Answer

A)  association; neurosis 
B)  association; phobia 
C)  generalization; neurosis 
D)  generalization; phobia 
A)  association; neurosis 
B)  association; phobia 
C)  generalization; neurosis 
D)  generalization; phobia

Question 4

Most of learning in our everyday life is active.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  You clean your room because your mother promised you a chocolate bar if you do. 
B)  You clean your room because you can't stand hearing your mother nag at you anymore. 
C)  You clean your room because your mother said she's take your Playstation away if you didn't. 
D)  You clean your room because your mother said she'd smack your butt if you didn't. 
A)  You clean your room because your mother promised you a chocolate bar if you do. 
B)  You clean your room because you can't stand hearing your mother nag at you anymore. 
C)  You clean your room because your mother said she's take your Playstation away if you didn't. 
D)  You clean your room because your mother said she'd smack your butt if you didn't.

Question 6

According to Thorndike's law of effect,behaviours that result in unpleasantness are more likely to occur again.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Upon accumulating 10 "punches" on a store rewards card for buying 10 sub sandwiches,Abdul will get a free sandwich.This circumstance illustrates a ___ reinforcement schedule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Upon accumulating 10 "punches" on a store...

Question 8

Which of the following is likely to remember more information on an exam?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jennifer, who studied for the entire day before the exam 
B)  Mabel, who attended class every day and studied the night before the exam 
C)  John, who studied the entire day before the exam but took breaks 
D)  Liam who reviews his class notes for an hour every night beginning the week before the exam 
A)  Jennifer, who studied for the entire day before the exam 
B)  Mabel, who attended class every day and studied the night before the exam 
C)  John, who studied the entire day before the exam but took breaks 
D)  Liam who reviews his class notes for an hour every night beginning the week before the exam

Question 9

Your text describes a latent learning experiment by Tolman & Gleitman (1949)in which rats learned to run a maze.What was the critical result?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rats who were reinforced learned the maze more rapidly than did rats who were never reinforced. 
B)  Rats who were not reinforced did not learn to run the maze very efficiently. 
C)  An exploration period in which rats were not reinforced did not seem to have much effect on their maze learning. 
D)  Rats who were allowed to explore the maze before receiving reinforcement learned the maze more readily than did rats who did not explore the maze before receiving reinforcement. 
A)  Rats who were reinforced learned the maze more rapidly than did rats who were never reinforced. 
B)  Rats who were not reinforced did not learn to run the maze very efficiently. 
C)  An exploration period in which rats were not reinforced did not seem to have much effect on their maze learning. 
D)  Rats who were allowed to explore the maze before receiving reinforcement learned the maze more readily than did rats who did not explore the maze before receiving reinforcement.

Question 10

Aaron has a needle phobia.Which pair below correctly identifies a stimulus or response in the conditioning of his phobia?

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus - pain; tissue damage 
B)  unconditioned stimulus - anxiety; fear 
C)  neutral stimulus - the needle itself 
D)  unconditioned stimulus - the needle 
A)  conditioned stimulus - pain; tissue damage 
B)  unconditioned stimulus - anxiety; fear 
C)  neutral stimulus - the needle itself 
D)  unconditioned stimulus - the needle

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies spontaneous recovery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alexis is a former cocaine user. Now that she no longer uses, her hands no longer shake, and her heart no longer pounds when she hears a car pull into her drive, like her dealer used to do in his car. 
B)  Alexis uses cocaine. She no longer feels quite the same rush as she did when she fist started using. 
C)  Alexis is a former cocaine user in recovery. After a relapse, though, her hands shake and her heart pounds when she hears a car pull into her drive, like her dealer used to do in his car. 
D)  Alexis has relapsed on cocaine. She finds that she doesn't need quite as much of the drug to feel its effects as she did immediately before she stopped using the last time. 
A)  Alexis is a former cocaine user. Now that she no longer uses, her hands no longer shake, and her heart no longer pounds when she hears a car pull into her drive, like her dealer used to do in his car. 
B)  Alexis uses cocaine. She no longer feels quite the same rush as she did when she fist started using. 
C)  Alexis is a former cocaine user in recovery. After a relapse, though, her hands shake and her heart pounds when she hears a car pull into her drive, like her dealer used to do in his car. 
D)  Alexis has relapsed on cocaine. She finds that she doesn't need quite as much of the drug to feel its effects as she did immediately before she stopped using the last time.

Question 12

Rayna is about to take over as the Zamboni driver at the local rink.She watches the previous guy do it and notices that he misses one corner entirely and over-waters the net areas so that now they're all slushy.Their boss comes over and yells at the driver,pointing out all the mistakes.According to studies of vicarious learning,what will Rayna learn from this?

Accepted Answer

A)  how to drive the Zamboni and what will happen if she doesn't do it right 
B)  how to drive the Zamboni and how not to drive the Zamboni 
C)  that her future boss is very strict and a perfectionist 
D)  nothing about driving Zambonis 
A)  how to drive the Zamboni and what will happen if she doesn't do it right 
B)  how to drive the Zamboni and how not to drive the Zamboni 
C)  that her future boss is very strict and a perfectionist 
D)  nothing about driving Zambonis

Question 13

Which of the following alternatives correctly classifies the major types of learning described in your text?

Accepted Answer

A)  associative learning: classical conditioning and sensitization; non-associative learning: operant conditioning and habituation 
B)  associative learning: classical conditioning; non-associative learning: operant conditioning 
C)  associative learning: habituation and desensitization; non-associative learning: classical and operant conditioning 
D)  associative learning: classical and operant conditioning; non-associative learning: habituation and sensitization 
A)  associative learning: classical conditioning and sensitization; non-associative learning: operant conditioning and habituation 
B)  associative learning: classical conditioning; non-associative learning: operant conditioning 
C)  associative learning: habituation and desensitization; non-associative learning: classical and operant conditioning 
D)  associative learning: classical and operant conditioning; non-associative learning: habituation and sensitization

Question 14

What school of thought in psychology was dedicated to understanding the principles of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What school of thought in psychology was...

Question 15

Differentiate between associative and non-associative learning.

Accepted Answer

Associative learning is characterized by

Question 16

What would cause a mirror neuron to fire?

Accepted Answer

A)  feeling empathic 
B)  feeling pain 
C)  forming an association 
D)  watching another perform an action 
A)  feeling empathic 
B)  feeling pain 
C)  forming an association 
D)  watching another perform an action

Question 17

Alexis uses cocaine,which activates her sympathetic nervous system.Expecting her dealer,her hands shake and her heart pounds.Which alternative below correctly identifies the neutral stimulus,the CS,and the US?

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral stimulus - knock on the door; CS - cocaine; US - cocaine 
B)  neutral stimulus - knock on the door; CS - knock on the door; US - pounding heart 
C)  neutral stimulus - knock on the door; CS - knock on the door; US - cocaine 
D)  neutral stimulus - cocaine; CS - knock on the door; US - cocaine 
A)  neutral stimulus - knock on the door; CS - cocaine; US - cocaine 
B)  neutral stimulus - knock on the door; CS - knock on the door; US - pounding heart 
C)  neutral stimulus - knock on the door; CS - knock on the door; US - cocaine 
D)  neutral stimulus - cocaine; CS - knock on the door; US - cocaine

Question 18

Why did the behaviourists have such a problem with findings like latent learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  because it involves classical and operant conditioning at the same time, and the behaviourists argued that learning can only be one or the other 
B)  because it proposes learning can occur without reinforcement, and the behaviourists argued that reinforcement is necessary for learning 
C)  because it is a type of associative learning that isn't apparent without special experimental manipulations, and the behaviourists argued that true associative learning doesn't require special procedures to measure it 
D)  because it assumes that learning can take place without awareness, and the behaviourists argued that all learning requires awareness 
A)  because it involves classical and operant conditioning at the same time, and the behaviourists argued that learning can only be one or the other 
B)  because it proposes learning can occur without reinforcement, and the behaviourists argued that reinforcement is necessary for learning 
C)  because it is a type of associative learning that isn't apparent without special experimental manipulations, and the behaviourists argued that true associative learning doesn't require special procedures to measure it 
D)  because it assumes that learning can take place without awareness, and the behaviourists argued that all learning requires awareness

Question 19

Match the appropriate words in the left column to the definitions in the right column.

Accepted Answer

1.G: Extinction
2.F: Stimulus generaliza

Question 20

The presentation of an aversive consequence following a behaviour is called

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  negative punishment. 
A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  negative punishment.

Ray is watching his brother practicing his slap shots in the driveway.Even though Ray isn't playing,it is likely that there is activity in his ___.

Jack has been using heroin in his apartment every day for the past two months.He finds that now it takes more heroin to get him high.This example demonstrates ___.

Adam was badly stung by a bee once.Now he has an exaggerated fear NOT only of bees but also of all flying insects.In part through stimulus _,Adam has developed a(n)_.

Most of learning in our everyday life is active.

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

According to Thorndike's law of effect,behaviours that result in unpleasantness are more likely to occur again.

Upon accumulating 10 "punches" on a store rewards card for buying 10 sub sandwiches,Abdul will get a free sandwich.This circumstance illustrates a ___ reinforcement schedule.

Which of the following is likely to remember more information on an exam?

Your text describes a latent learning experiment by Tolman & Gleitman (1949)in which rats learned to run a maze.What was the critical result?

Aaron has a needle phobia.Which pair below correctly identifies a stimulus or response in the conditioning of his phobia?

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies spontaneous recovery?

Which of the following alternatives correctly classifies the major types of learning described in your text?

What school of thought in psychology was dedicated to understanding the principles of operant conditioning?

Differentiate between associative and non-associative learning.

What would cause a mirror neuron to fire?

Alexis uses cocaine,which activates her sympathetic nervous system.Expecting her dealer,her hands shake and her heart pounds.Which alternative below correctly identifies the neutral stimulus,the CS,and the US?

Why did the behaviourists have such a problem with findings like latent learning?

Match the appropriate words in the left column to the definitions in the right column.

The presentation of an aversive consequence following a behaviour is called

Psychology Yesterday and Today

Psychology as a Science

Neuroscience

Human Development

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Language and Thought

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

social Psychology

Stress,coping,and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 7: Learning

Ray is watching his brother practicing his slap shots in the driveway.Even though Ray isn't playing,it is likely that there is activity in his ___.

Jack has been using heroin in his apartment every day for the past two months.He finds that now it takes more heroin to get him high.This example demonstrates ___.

Adam was badly stung by a bee once.Now he has an exaggerated fear NOT only of bees but also of all flying insects.In part through stimulus ___,Adam has developed a(n)___.

Most of learning in our everyday life is active.

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

According to Thorndike's law of effect,behaviours that result in unpleasantness are more likely to occur again.

Upon accumulating 10 "punches" on a store rewards card for buying 10 sub sandwiches,Abdul will get a free sandwich.This circumstance illustrates a ___ reinforcement schedule.

Which of the following is likely to remember more information on an exam?

Your text describes a latent learning experiment by Tolman & Gleitman (1949)in which rats learned to run a maze.What was the critical result?

Aaron has a needle phobia.Which pair below correctly identifies a stimulus or response in the conditioning of his phobia?

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies spontaneous recovery?

Which of the following alternatives correctly classifies the major types of learning described in your text?

What school of thought in psychology was dedicated to understanding the principles of operant conditioning?

Differentiate between associative and non-associative learning.

What would cause a mirror neuron to fire?

Alexis uses cocaine,which activates her sympathetic nervous system.Expecting her dealer,her hands shake and her heart pounds.Which alternative below correctly identifies the neutral stimulus,the CS,and the US?

Why did the behaviourists have such a problem with findings like latent learning?

Match the appropriate words in the left column to the definitions in the right column.

The presentation of an aversive consequence following a behaviour is called

Psychology Yesterday and Today

Psychology as a Science

Neuroscience

Human Development

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Language and Thought

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

social Psychology

Stress,coping,and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Adam was badly stung by a bee once.Now he has an exaggerated fear NOT only of bees but also of all flying insects.In part through stimulus _,Adam has developed a(n)_.