Chat with AIExam 3: Recombinant Dna Technology and Genomics
Which of the following techniques involves hybridizing a cDNA sample to a chip containing thousands of single-stranded DNA sequences, allowing one to study the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously?
(32) 
VerifiedE
Describe three reagents used and the three steps in the process of polymerase chain reaction.
(39) VerifiedThe reaction calls for Taq polymerase, a pool of nucleotides, primers, and a thermo cycler. The three steps in the process are as follows: denaturation, which occurs at 94ºC to separate the DNA strand; annealing, in which the temperature varies depending on the primers but is usually between 50ºC and 60ºC and allows the primers to adhere to the DNA strands; and extension, which occurs at 72ºC, allowing for elongation of the DNA from the primer.
Explain the dideoxy sequencing method.
(41) VerifiedSanger's method, which is also referred to as chain termination, is based on the use of dideoxynucleotides (ddNTP's) in addition to the normal nucleotides (NTP's) found in DNA. Dideoxynucleotides are essentially the same as nucleotides except they contain a hydrogen group on the 3' carbon instead of a hydroxyl group (OH). These modified nucleotides, when integrated into a sequence, prevent the addition of further nucleotides. This occurs because a phosphodiester bond cannot form between the dideoxynucleotide and the next incoming nucleotide, and thus the DNA chain is terminated. A nested set of products can then be used to determine the actual nucleotide sequence.
Approximately how many genes are present in the human genome?
(33) In a recombinant DNA experiment, which enzyme is used to join together DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides? Recall that this same enzyme joins together Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
(34) ________ is a DNA-binding dye that fluoresces when DNA in an agarose gel is illuminated with ultraviolet light.
(34) Explain the use of an antibiotic (e.g., ampicillin) resistance gene on a vector.
(33) Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about restriction enzymes?
(26) Describe two advantages for cloning a gene from a cDNA library versus a genomic DNA library.
(40) A ________ consists of cloned DNA fragments for all expressed genes in a particular tissue
(40) You just cloned a new gene from mice. Which of the following techniques would be the best choice to use if you wanted to determine the number of copies of this gene in the mouse genome?
(37) During molecular cloning, a gene of interest (insulin) is inserted into a bacterial structure called a ________ and enters a bacterial cell through a process called ________.
(34) Based on what you know about which organisms naturally produce restriction enzymes and how restriction enzymes are named, which of the following enzymes is isolated from the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens?
(39) A ________ is a single-stranded DNA molecule attached to a radioactive or fluorescent compound that is complementary to a specific sequence of DNA. Such pieces of DNA are used to identify and study cloned genes in hybridization experiments.
(35) During library screening, PCR, Southern blotting, and other techniques, binding two pieces of DNA to each other by hydrogen bonding is called ________.
(28) When making a complementary DNA (cDNA) library, which enzyme is used to copy mRNA into DNA?
(42) Which of the following vectors would be the best choice for gene transfer in plant cells?
(41) 
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