Exam 9: Gender Stratification: Shehe Who Goes First

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According to the text, women hold what percentage of top corporate jobs?

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The statement, "Patriarchy is the cause of women's oppression" is a tenet of which sociological theory?

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What is institutionalized gender discrimination? Provide two examples. How does institutionalized gender discrimination relate to heterosexism?

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Institutionalized gender discrimination refers to the systematic and ingrained discrimination against individuals based on their gender, which is perpetuated and enforced by societal institutions such as government, laws, education, and the workplace. This type of discrimination is deeply embedded in the structure of society and can have far-reaching effects on the lives of those who are targeted.

Two examples of institutionalized gender discrimination include:

1. The gender pay gap: Women consistently earn less than men for the same work, and this wage disparity is perpetuated by institutional practices such as unequal pay scales, lack of transparency in salary negotiations, and limited opportunities for advancement.

2. Lack of representation in leadership roles: Women are often underrepresented in positions of power and leadership in various institutions, including government, corporations, and academia. This lack of representation can perpetuate gender stereotypes and limit opportunities for women to advance in their careers.

Institutionalized gender discrimination relates to heterosexism in that both are forms of systemic discrimination that perpetuate inequality and limit opportunities for individuals based on their gender or sexual orientation. Heterosexism is the institutionalized discrimination against non-heterosexual individuals, and it intersects with gender discrimination in that it can further marginalize individuals who do not conform to traditional gender norms or expectations. Both forms of discrimination contribute to a culture of inequality and oppression, and addressing one often requires addressing the other in order to create a more equitable and inclusive society.

Leilani is struggling to get a promotion at her law firm, spend quality time with her husband, and ensure her children get enough attention from her. She is most likely being affected by (the):

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Thomas is a boy who was ridiculed for wearing a skirt to school one day. Which of the following did Thomas violate?

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About 10% of babies are born with ambiguous genitalia.

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Irene has been working at Megacorp for 10 years. She has an impeccable record and has received wonderful reviews. Still, she cannot figure out why the men who started the job at the same time she did have been promoted several levels while she has only received one promotion. Irene may be experiencing:

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As of 2007, less than 30 states had "Defense of Marriage Acts" or constitutional amendments prohibiting same-sex marriage.

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The fact that the only female in a boardroom is almost always expected to make coffee, even if she is a high level executive, is a form of institutionalized gender discrimination.

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Women's reduced power in micro-level settings often relates to their lack of power in meso-level organizations and institutions.

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In which of the following ways are women and girls portrayed in many children's books?

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The socially constructed meanings associated with males and females are called:

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Which of the following is an example of institutionalized discrimination?

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Persons with ambiguous genitalia are known as bisexual.

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Which of the following statements is true?

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Sociologists argue that gender identity is learned and created.

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Jackson's professor said, "Without a doubt, humans are affected by society and are able to affect society." His professor just explained the principle of:

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Define and describe the term heteronormativity. Provide examples.

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Northern European countries are world leaders when it comes to gender equity in government.

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Compare and contrast gender and sex. Provide one example of each.

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