Deck 11: Summarizing Your Data

Question 1

American Express executives wish to know if there is a difference between the average dollar balance carried on credit cards between males and females.This is an example of:

A)summarizing
B)generalizing
C)comparing
D)relating
E)transforming

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The functions of data analysis "match up" with:

A)the types of problems
B)the types of research objectives
C)the types of type I errors
D)the types of type II errors
E)the types of type III errors

Answer 2

B

Question 3

American Express executives wish to know if there is an association between credit card balance carried and the number of credit cards owned.This is an example of:

A)summarizing
B)generalizing
C)comparing
D)relating
E)type II error

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is/are functions of data analysis?

A)answers the question asked
B)summarizes, generalizes, and computes variances
C)summarizes, generalizes, compares differences, and relates underlying patterns
D)summarizes, harmonizes, and strategizes data in a way that solves problems
E)computes, transforms, resolves

Question 5

Which of the following is appropriate when the research objective is generalization?

A)averages
B)confidence intervals
C)cross-tabulation
D)correlation
E)ANOVA

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a data set?

A)the creation of a computer file that holds output of statistical analyses on all of the questionnaires deemed suitable for analysis
B)identification of codes that pertain to the possible responses for each question on the questionnaire
C)identification of all the variable names and code numbers associated with each possible response to each question making up the data set
D)a matrix of numbers and other representations that include all of the relevant answers by all of the respondents in a survey
E)none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of frequency and percentage distributions?

A)They quickly communicate how many respondents voted for each of the different answers for a question.
B)They reveal how much agreement or disagreement there is among the respondents.
C)They express the variability of the respondents' responses.
D)The frequency distribution is preferred over percentages because frequencies are intuitive and easy to handle.
E)They are tabulations of the responses to a categorical scale question in a survey.

Question 8

What would you use to summarize a categorical variable?

A)categorical summarization analyses
B)mode and average
C)mode and frequency or percentage distribution
D)ANOVA
E)none of the above; you cannot summarize categorical variables

Question 9

Computing the average number of dollars college students have on their credit card balances exemplifies:

A)summarizing
B)generalizing
C)comparing
D)relating
E)type III error

Question 10

The expression of how similar respondents are to one another is referred to as ________.

A)typical response identification
B)central tendency
C)variability
D)mean
E)ANOVA

Question 11

________ analysis is defined as describing the data in the sample with the use of percentages or averages.

A)Comparison
B)Generalization
C)Relationship
D)Summarization
E)Confidence

Question 12

Which of the following is appropriate when the research objective is description?

A)averages
B)confidence intervals
C)cross-tabulation
D)correlation
E)ANOVA

Question 13

In XL Data Analyst,if you want to summarize a categorical variable,you would select which of the following?

A)click on XL Data Analyst, Categorical, Percents
B)click on XL Data Analyst, Summarize, select either Percents or Averages
C)click on XL Data Analyst, Summarize, select Averages
D)click on XL Data Analyst, Summarize, select Percents
E)click on XL Data Analyst, Summarize, select Categorical

Question 14

In a bar chart depicting a percentage distribution,"high variability" is noted when:

A)the bars are roughly equal
B)one bar is much larger than all the other bars
C)two or more bars are much larger than all the other bars
D)the bars are divided into sub-bars
E)none of the above; a bar chart cannot show variability

Question 15

Which of the following is the best description of data analysis?

A)the process of describing data in statistical terms, such as p values and degrees of freedom
B)the process of describing data by computing a small number of measures that characterize the data set in ways that are meaningful to the client
C)the process of describing data so that they communicate the answer to the client and also allow the client to exercise his or her statistical skills
D)orthogonal manipulation of data
E)honorthological manipulation of data

Question 16

American Express executives hypothesize that 40% of college students own an American Express credit card.Testing this hypothesis is an example of:

A)summarizing
B)generalizing
C)comparing
D)relating
E)type I error

Question 17

What would you use to summarize a metric variable?

A)mean, range, standard deviation
B)mode, range, standard deviation
C)mean, frequency or percentage distribution
D)metric distribution of the mean
E)none of the above; you cannot summarize metric variables

Question 18

Which of the following was NOT one of the four types of analysis objectives mentioned in your textbook?

A)Description
B)Generalization
C)Differences
D)Relationships
E)Type II

Question 19

Describing the typical response is referred to as:

A)typical response identification
B)central tendency
C)variability
D)mean
E)ANOVA

Question 20

The summary of the percent of times each and every category appears for the entire sample is called the:

A)mode
B)mean
C)categorical percentage rate
D)percentage distribution
E)frequency distribution

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT true of the range?

A)It identifies the distance between the lowest value and the highest value in a set of numbers.
B)It identifies the maximum and the minimum in a set of numbers, and you can do a quick mental calculation to see how many units are in between.
C)The range tells you how often the maximum and minimum occurred.
D)It provides some information on the variability by indicating how far apart the extremes are found.
E)If you find that the range is very narrow, you know that the average is typical of many respondents.

Question 22

Which of the following was NOT listed in the Guidelines for Categorical Data Tables?

A)Use a descriptive title for the table.
B)Do not report the frequencies alone, and not at all if a large sample is used.
C)Typically include the standard deviation.
D)Report the percentages, either as whole numbers (e.g., 12%)or with a single decimal place (e.g., 11.9%); include a 100% total.
E)Place percents in a vertically aligned column located close to the categorical variable's labels (e.g., male, female)for ease of reading.

Question 23

If our research objective is to determine relationships,we should use the relationship type of data analysis.

Question 24

In XL Data Analyst,if you want to summarize a metric variable,you would select which of the following?

A)click on XL Data Analyst, Categorical, Percents
B)click on XL Data Analyst, Summarize, select either Percents or Averages
C)click on XL Data Analyst, Summarize, select Averages
D)click on XL Data Analyst, Summarize, select Percents
E)click on XL Data Analyst, Summarize, select Metric

Question 25

The process of describing a data set by computing a small number of measures that characterize the data in ways that are meaningful to the client is called data analysis.

Question 26

The typical response is referred to as the central tendency.

Question 27

With differences analysis,the researcher identifies a categorical variable (such as gender)and compares the groups represented by that variable (males versus females)by analyzing their differences on a second variable.

Question 28

Summarization,generalizing,comparing and relating are the four functions of data analysis.

Question 29

Thinking of a standard deviation and the shape of the distribution,the distribution is "stretched out at both ends" (flat)when the standard deviation is:

A)high
B)moderate
C)low
D)very high
E)none of the above; the two concepts are not related

Question 30

Which of the following was NOT listed in the Guidelines for Categorical Data Tables?

A)Highlight the modal percent with bold and/or enlarged font to aid the reader.
B)Absolutely include the average(s).
C)Typically include the standard deviation.
D)Report the minimum and maximum unless the data are anchored by a scale such as a 5-point scale of agreement.
E)When reporting the average(s)of a scale, include a table footnote to describe the scale (e.g., based on a scale where 1 = "poor" and 5 = "excellent").

Question 31

Your question is "where do you live?" The answers are "on campus" or "off campus." If your research objective is description,you should use which command in XL Data Analyst?

A)percents
B)averages
C)variances
D)minimum-maximum
E)description

Question 32

Data analysis has four functions.

Question 33

What percent of the area under the normal curve is covered by ±1.96 standard deviations?

A)68
B)75
C)95
D)99
E)100

Question 34

When you summarize a metric variable using XL Data Analyst,your output gives you:

A)mode, median, and mean
B)average, standard deviation
C)average, standard deviation, minimum-maximum
D)average, standard deviation, minimum-maximum, and a bar chart
E)mode, frequency distribution, and standard error of the metric

Question 35

Generalization analysis is describing the data in the sample with the use of percentages or averages.

Question 36

Description,division,deviance,and derivation are the four functions of data analysis.

Question 37

If our research objective is to summarize the data in the sample,we should use percentages if the variable has a categorical scale.

Question 38

The percentage distribution is a summary of the number of times each and every category appears for the entire sample.

Question 39

If our research objective is to summarize the data in the sample,we should use percentages if the variable has a metric scale.

Question 40

Your question is "How many hours do you work per week?" The answers are recorded as the number of hours.If your research objective is description,you should use which command in XL Data Analyst?

A)percents
B)averages
C)variances
D)minimum-maximum
E)descriptions

Question 41

Marketing researchers are very comfortable with averages,percentages,standard deviations,and other statistical concepts.However,managers for whom marketing researchers work do not have the same comfort level,and it is entirely possible that a manager may misinterpret a marketing researcher's statements.

Question 42

Ethical research companies take precautions,such as preparing handbooks and glossaries,to ensure their clients understand analysis terminology.

Question 43

The range identifies the maximum and the minimum,and you can do a quick mental calculation to see how many units are in between.

Question 44

Although a table is the most common vehicle for presenting summarizations of data,a well-designed graph can dramatically illustrate findings as well.

Question 45

If you find the range to be very wide,it signals that the average may not be typical of most respondents.

Question 46

Marketing researchers always rely on the normal curve interpretation of the standard deviation,they often encounter the standard deviation on computer printouts,and they usually report it in their tables.

Question 47

In addition to being an analysis expert,a marketing researcher must be an excellent communicator of the findings of the survey.

Question 48

You would select Summarize,Percents in XL Data Analyst to summarize categorical variables.

Question 49

Percentage distributions quickly communicate variability when they are converted to bar charts.

Question 50

±2.58 standard deviations describes the range in which 95% of the area underneath the curve is found.

Question 51

The procedure for summarizing metric variables in XL Data Analyst is identical to the one for summarizing categorical variables,except you will select "Averages."

Question 52

When constructing a table with metric variables,you should absolutely include the average(s).

Question 53

The average is not a very useful central tendency measure because even when the same scale is used to measure various characteristics,the averages still can't be compared to ascertain similarities or differences.

Question 54

With a normal curve,the midpoint is also the average.