Deck 9: Determining Sample Size and the Sample Plan

Question 1

What does the p stand for in the confidence interval formula for sample size?

A)estimated percentage of the population
B)actual percentage of the population
C)estimated percentage of the sample
D)a parsimonious sample size
E)none of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In the confidence interval formula for sample size,the symbol r represents an estimate of:

A)the relationship between the p's and q's in the population
B)the resolution of the population
C)the robustness needed to have an accurate sample
D)the restricted power of the sample
E)none of the above; the formula has no r

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following is true in terms of the relationship between sample size and sample accuracy?

A)There is a linear relationship; the larger the sample, the greater the accuracy.
B)There is no relationship; sample size does not affect sample accuracy.
C)Accuracy is set by the researcher and is not affected by the sample size.
D)After a sample size of about 500, large gains in sample accuracy are not realized--even with large increases in sample size.
E)After a sample size of about 1,500, large gains in sample accuracy are not realized--even with large increases in sample size.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In the following sample size formula,what percent level of accuracy is desired?

A)0%
B)5%
C)9%
D)3%
E)0)025

Question 5

The relationship between sample size and sample accuracy is that as sample size increases:

A)sample error decreases
B)sample error increases
C)sample error remains constant
D)sample error becomes unitary
E)none of the above; sample size does not affect sample accuracy

Question 6

For a 95% confidence level,z=

A)2)58
B)2)38
C)1)99
D)1)96
E)1)00

Question 7

A ________ is defined as an accounting of everyone in the population.

A)population
B)sample frame
C)communicate sample
D)total sample
E)census

Question 8

In the following sample size formula,which level of confidence is being used?

A)90%
B)95%
C)99%
D)68%
E)none of the above

Question 9

The accuracy of a sample is often expressed as:

A)the number of centimeters it is from the true population frame
B)the cost of making an inaccurate estimate
C)the number of respondents needed to make the sample 100% accurate
D)a plus-or-minus percentage, such as + or - 5%
E)a mistake

Question 10

The ________ is the entire group under study as specified by a research project.

A)population
B)sample frame
C)communicate sample
D)total sample
E)none of the above

Question 11

In the confidence interval formula for sample size,q=

A)e2
B)100%-p
C)e+p
D)p/100
E)p+e*z

Question 12

The interpretation of sample accuracy uses the following logic: If you use a sample size with an accuracy level of ±5%,when you analyze your survey's findings,________.

A)they will be about +5% of what you would find if you performed a census
B)they will be about -5% of what you would find if you performed a census
C)they will be about +95% of what you would find if you performed a census
D)they will be about -95% of what you would find if you performed a census
E)they will be the same as what you would find if you performed a census

Question 13

In the sample size formula for a mean,the s stands for:

A)sample size
B)standard error
C)sample estimate
D)precision
E)variability

Question 14

In the confidence interval formula for sample size,the symbol e represents:

A)efficiency of the sample (desired accuracy given the cost)
B)sample frame error
C)acceptable error (desired accuracy level)
D)elasticity
E)none of the above; the formula has no e

Question 15

________ is some list of all the members of the population.

A)Sample estimate
B)Sample directory
C)Sample frame
D)Population directory
E)all of the above

Question 16

In a 90%/10% split between two possible answers to a survey question,p times q becomes:

A)9
B)90
C)900
D)9,000
E)0)090

Question 17

The use of p=50%,q=50% is a research industry standard at least in part because:

A)it is the most conservative p-q combination
B)it generates the largest sample size
C)it is preferred to guessing about variability
D)there may be little prior knowledge about the population to be studied
E)all of the above are true

Question 18

Which of the following causes sampling error?

A)the method of sample selection
B)the size of the sample
C)the method of the sample selection and the size of the sample
D)miscounting and other clerical errors
E)the size of the sample and clerical errors

Question 19

A sample is a subset of a group that should:

A)include everyone in the population
B)represent the entire group (population)
C)represent a group within the population
D)be as inexpensive as possible
E)none of the above

Question 20

It is the researcher's responsibility to select only sample frames that:

A)perfectly represent the true population
B)have the least amount of error at a reasonable cost
C)have no error regardless of the cost
D)have error limited to 20%-30%
E)none of the above; researchers do not choose the sample frame

Question 21

The ________ represents how many people will actually complete the interview.

A)qualification rate
B)completion rate
C)incidence rate
D)response rate
E)incidental level

Question 22

In stratified sampling,there is a procedure that allows you to take information from each stratum to calculate an estimate of the overall population average.The procedure uses:

A)a skewed average
B)a non-skewed average
C)a disproportionate average
D)a weighted average
E)the restrictive power, r, of the sample

Question 23

A list of the members of the population and a skip interval are used in which of the following sampling methods?

A)simple random
B)systematic
C)cluster
D)stratified
E)convenient skip

Question 24

Sample methods that embody random sampling are often termed ________.

A)probability sampling methods
B)nonprobability sampling methods
C)congruent sampling methods
D)incongruent sampling methods
E)randomized sampling methods

Question 25

There are two major types of sample plans: ________ and ________.

A)small, large
B)incidence, completion
C)accurate, faulty
D)probability, nonprobability
E)congruent, incongruent

Question 26

When you use your XL Data Analyst to calculate the sample size,you must specify:

A)the allowable error, estimate p, estimate q and estimate r
B)the allowable error, estimate m, estimate q
C)the allowable error, estimate of lsmft
D)the allowable error, estimated p
E)none of the above; XL Data Analyst does not calculate sample size

Question 27

Which type of sampling method uses area sampling?

A)geographical sampling
B)stratified sampling
C)cluster sampling
D)two-step judgment sampling
E)convenience sampling

Question 28

The ________ is the percent of individuals in the sample who qualify to take the survey.

A)qualification rate
B)qualification percentage
C)incidence rate
D)response rate
E)none of the above

Question 29

Which of the following sampling methods would the following formula be used with? Probability of selection = Sample size/Population size

A)Simple random
B)Systematic
C)Cluster
D)Stratified
E)Judgment

Question 30

The skip interval is calculated by dividing the ________ by the sample size.

A)random-starting point
B)population list size
C)interval size
D)size of "r"
E)none of the above; there is no such thing as a formula for "skip interval"

Question 31

The "law of large sample size" refers to:

A)confusing the size of the sample with the representativeness of the sample
B)the industry standard referring to the need for a sample size of 500 respondents
C)the industry standard that the accuracy benefits of excessively large samples are typically greatly justified by their increased costs
D)calculating the restrictive power of the sample to 95% or more
E)all of the above

Question 32

Which of the following is/are necessary for systematic sampling?

A)random-starting point and skip interval
B)random-digit dialing and skip interval
C)random-plus dialing, random selection and skip interval
D)just a skip interval
E)systematically partitioning data from the sample

Question 33

Which of the following is true regarding the XL Data Analyst Excel macro software that came with your book?

A)XL Data Analyst only runs statistical tests.
B)XL Data Analyst allows you to access Excel but provides no additional analysis.
C)XL Data Analyst allows you to calculate the sample size.
D)XL Data Analyst calculates both n and r for you.
E)all of the above are true

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT considered a probability sampling method?

A)simple random
B)systematic
C)cluster
D)stratified
E)convenience

Question 35

Why is it important for marketing managers to know the motivations underlying the sample size recommendations of the researchers that they hire?

A)A manager's cost may be unnecessarily inflated.
B)Unethical researchers may use large sample sizes to increase profits.
C)Unethical researchers may have ownership in a data collection company.
D)Researchers' profits may be a percentage of total costs.
E)all of the above

Question 36

A(n)________ sample is any other allocation that would occur if we based our sample size per stratum not on its proportionate share of the population but on its variance as per our sample size formula.

A)unequal
B)proportionate
C)disproportionate
D)restrictive
E)variable

Question 37

If the population is believed to have a skewed distribution for one of more of its distinguishing factors,which of the following should be used?

A)simple random
B)systematic
C)cluster
D)stratified
E)convenient skip

Question 38

Selecting a telephone number from the directory and adding a randomly selected digit,such as a "3" is called:

A)plus-one dialing
B)add-digit dialing
C)random-plus dialing
D)digit-plus dialing
E)plus-three dialing

Question 39

One form of probability sampling is known as ________ sampling,in which the population is divided into subgroups,each of which may represent the entire population.

A)simple random
B)systematic
C)cluster
D)stratified
E)convenient skip

Question 40

Stratified sampling is used with a skewed population,and the researcher identifies ________ contained within the population based on their differences.

A)systems
B)samples
C)strata
D)persons
E)skews

Question 41

The most commonly used nonprobability sampling method is ________.

A)convenience sampling
B)judgment sampling
C)referral sampling
D)quota sampling
E)popularity sampling

Question 42

Which of the following relies on a random selection of website visitors?

A)random online intercept sampling
B)invitation online sampling
C)online panel sampling
D)systematic online sampling
E)none of the above

Question 43

The accuracy of a sample may be expressed as a plus-or-minus percentage value.

Question 44

Which of the following samples is used as a means of ensuring that convenience samples will have the desired proportions of different respondent classes?

A)convenience sampling
B)judgment sampling
C)referral sampling
D)quota sampling
E)proportionate

Question 45

Sampling error is any error that occurs because a sample is used.

Question 46

A sample frame is a master list of all the members of the population.

Question 47

What is another name for a referral sample?

A)convenience sample
B)judgment sample
C)snowball sample
D)friend sample
E)aided sample

Question 48

Sample frame error refers solely to overrepresentations of the true population in a sample frame.

Question 49

Using a knowledgeable person to decide who would be in a sample is an example of:

A)convenience sampling
B)judgment sampling
C)referral sampling
D)quota sampling
E)systematic sampling

Question 50

Which sampling method is not based on fairness,equity or equal chance?

A)non-equity sampling
B)disproportionate sampling
C)unfair sampling
D)non-probability sampling
E)simple samples

Question 51

________ refers to consumer or other respondent panels that are set up by marketing research companies for the explicit purpose of conducting online surveys with representative samples.

A)Random online intercept sampling
B)Invitation online sampling
C)Online panel sampling
D)Systematic online sampling
E)Snowball sampling

Question 52

A census is defined as an accounting of everyone in the sample.

Question 53

Accuracy is expressed as a ± x% number.

Question 54

Non-probability sampling methods take shortcuts that:

A)save time, effort, and money
B)obliterate the equal-chance guarantee of any probability sampling method
C)evidence a lazy researcher
D)lead to accurate, representative results at reduced costs
E)both A and B

Question 55

In the confidence interval formula for sample size,s stands for sample size.

Question 56

A survey conducted at a busy pedestrian intersection is an example of:

A)convenience sampling
B)judgment sampling
C)referral sampling
D)quota sampling
E)hallway sampling

Question 57

________ is when potential respondents are alerted that they may fill out a questionnaire that is hosted at a particular Web site.

A)Random online intercept sampling
B)Invitation online sampling
C)Online panel sampling
D)Systematic online sampling
E)Snowball sampling

Question 58

A sample is a subset of the population that should represent that entire group.

Question 59

Members of a population who are less well known,disliked,or whose opinions conflict with the respondents' have a low probability of being selected into a ________.

A)convenience sampling
B)judgment sampling
C)referral sampling
D)quota sampling
E)popularity sampling

Question 60

One of the greatest pluses of online panels is ________.

A)that most of them are probability samples
B)the lack of expense
C)the high response rate
D)that the sample does not have to match the population
E)none of the above; there are no great pluses of online panels

Question 61

Cluster sampling is advantageous when there is no electronic database of the population.

Question 62

With simple random sampling,the probability of being selected into the sample is not "known" but is equal for all members of the population.

Question 63

A table of random numbers is a listing of numbers whose systematic order is assured.

Question 64

The customary level of confidence among marketing researchers has a z of 3.58.

Question 65

You may use your XL Data Analyst software to generate a sample size,but you must estimate p and specify your allowable error.

Question 66

A cluster sample is also known as a snowball sample.

Question 67

Managers have a "large sample size" bias that ethical marketing researchers do not use for selfish advantage.

Question 68

In the formula for the skip interval,the sample size is divided by the population list size.

Question 69

A mall survey is an example of convenience sampling.

Question 70

AE stands for allowable error.

Question 71

The customary level of confidence among marketing researchers has a z of 1.96.

Question 72

The confidence interval formula for sample size is the same as the sample size formula for a mean.

Question 73

Your XL Data Analyst software can generate random numbers for you.

Question 74

In the confidence interval formula for sample size,if p=90,then q=90.

Question 75

Judgment samples are highly subjective and therefore prone to much error.

Question 76

Stratified sampling is a way to select a simple random sample from a directory or list that is much more efficient (uses less effort)than with simple random sampling,because with a physical list,the researcher must first enumerate (assign a unique identifier)each listing in order to select them using a random number.

Question 77

The four nonprobability sampling methods are simple random sampling,systematic sampling,cluster sampling,and stratified sampling.

Question 78

Probability samples cannot also be random samples.

Question 79

Demographic incidence is the percentage of respondents that qualify for a survey based on screening for things like product use,ailments,or a particular behavior.

Question 80

Sample methods that embody random sampling are often termed probability sampling methods.