Deck 1: Introduction to Marketing Research

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Question
Market potential is an example of a topic typically addressed by problem-identification research.
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Market share is an example of a topic typically addressed by problem-solving research.
Question
A manager has control over a competitor's pricing policy.
Question
Problem-identification research is the more common of the forms of research and is undertaken by virtually all marketing firms.
Question
Collecting and analyzing data are steps involved in the data-processing stage.
Question
Problem-identification research is typically used to address pricing issues.
Question
Telephone, mail, personal and electronic interviewing are forms of interviewing in the data collection stage of the research process.
Question
Promotion is considered an uncontrollable environmental factor.
Question
Distribution research is an example of a topic typically addressed by problem-identification research.
Question
The first step in any marketing research project is to formulate the research design.
Question
Research undertaken to help solve specific marketing problems is called problem-solving research.
Question
Formulating an analytical framework along with models, research questions, hypotheses, and the information needed are included in developing an approach to the problem.
Question
Image research is an example of a topic typically addressed by problem-identification research.
Question
Problem-identification research involves going below the surface to identify the true underlying problem that the marketing manager is facing.
Question
According to the text, problem-solving research is typically used to assess the environment and diagnose problems.
Question
Segmentation is an example of a topic typically addressed by problem-solving research.
Question
Marketing research is not concerned with factors that are not under the control of the marketing manager.
Question
Fieldwork or data collection is the fourth step of the marketing research process.
Question
Marketing research departments located within a firm are called internal suppliers.
Question
Pricing, promotion, and distribution are all considered controllable marketing variables.
Question
A formalized set of procedures for generating, analyzing, storing, and distributing pertinent information to marketing decision makers on an ongoing basis is called a marketing information system.
Question
An information system that enables decision makers to interact directly with both databases and analysis models is called a decision support system.
Question
Unstructured problems and the use of models are characteristics that describe a decision support system.
Question
Outside marketing research companies hired to supply marketing research data are called external suppliers.
Question
Focus groups represent the main method by which syndicated services collect data.
Question
Either a strong qualitative or a strong quantitative background is sufficient to be a successful in marketing research.
Question
Kantar, Westat, and Burke, Inc.are examples of marketing research firms that offer customized services.
Question
The ability to improve decision making by using "what-if" analysis is a characteristic of a marketing information system.
Question
Companies whose primary service offering is their expertise in collecting data for research projects are called coding and data entry services.
Question
A good knowledge of marketing is essential to be a successful in marketing research.
Question
The services of full-service suppliers can be categorized into syndicated, customized, and Internet services.
Question
Hardware and a communication network are recognized as important components of a decision support system.
Question
Selecting an outside supplier is always done with a formal "request for proposal."
Question
The decision to conduct research is automatic.
Question
Marketing research should be conducted whenever a decision has to be made.
Question
Data analysis services perform services that include editing competing questionnaires, developing a coding scheme, and transcribing the data onto diskettes or magnetic tapes for input into the computer.
Question
According to the text, the most common entry-level position in the marketing research industry for people with bachelor's degrees is assistant project director.
Question
According to the text, Nielsen Holding was recognized as the largest global research firm based on global research revenues.
Question
According to the text, most of the research suppliers are Fortune 500 operations.
Question
Companies that collect and sell common pools of data designed to serve information needs that a number of clients share are called syndicated services.
Question
Marketing research involves all of the following regarding information EXCEPT ________.

A)identification
B)collection
C)analysis
D)manipulation
E)dissemination
Question
Research undertaken to help solve specific marketing problems is called ________.

A)problem-solving research
B)problem-manipulation research
C)problem-identification research
D)problem-correction research
E)problem exception
Question
All of the following are examples of topics typically addressed by problem-solving research EXCEPT ________.

A)segmentation
B)product
C)promotion
D)market share
E)pricing
Question
________ research is undertaken to help identify problems that are not necessarily apparent on the surface and yet exist or are likely to arise in the future.

A)Problem-solving
B)Problem-identification
C)Problem-manipulation
D)Problem-correction
E)Problem exception
Question
Which of the following statements is most FALSE about marketing research?

A)Marketing research follows a predictable path.
B)Marketing research is systematic.
C)Marketing research is planned.
D)Marketing research leads to automatic decisions.
E)All of the answer selections are FALSE.
Question
The book advocates the use of social media to replace the traditional ways in which research is conducted.
Question
All of the following are examples of topics typically addressed by problem-solving research EXCEPT ________.

A)segmentation
B)product
C)market potential
D)market share
E)C and D
Question
According to the text, ________ is typically used to assess the environment and diagnose problems.

A)problem-solving research
B)problem-manipulation research
C)problem-identification research
D)problem-correction research
E)problem exception
Question
The United States accounts for 60 percent of the marketing research expenditures worldwide.
Question
Intel is mentioned as a marketing research firm specializing in social media research.
Question
Which of the following is NOT a step in the marketing research process?

A)problem correction
B)fieldwork
C)research design formulation
D)report generation and presentation
E)data preparation and analysis
Question
Problem-identification research is typically used to address all of the following topics EXCEPT ________.

A)market share
B)short-range forecasting
C)long-range forecasting
D)pricing
E)market potential
Question
Which of the following statements is most TRUE about marketing research?

A)Marketing research follows an unpredictable path.
B)Marketing research is systematic.
C)Marketing research cannot be planned.
D)All of the answer selections are FALSE.
E)A and C are both true.
Question
Expectations about objectivity among bloggers and other social media users are lower.
Question
Which of the following is the more common of the forms of research and is undertaken by virtually all marketing firms?

A)problem-solving research
B)problem-identification research
C)problem-manipulation research
D)problem-correction research
E)problem exception
Question
The first step in any marketing research project is to ________.

A)define the problem
B)develop an approach to the problem
C)formulate the research design
D)correct the problem
E)eliminate the problem
Question
Research undertaken to identify marketing problems is called ________.

A)problem-solving research
B)problem-manipulation research
C)problem-identification research
D)problem-correction research
E)problem exception
Question
Social media embody social computing tools commonly referred to as Web 1.0.
Question
Which of the following classifications of marketing research involves going below the surface to identify the true underlying problem that the marketing manager is facing?

A)problem solving
B)problem manipulation
C)problem correction
D)problem identification
E)problem exception
Question
Which of the following is NOT a step in the marketing research process?

A)problem definition
B)problem correction
C)research design formulation
D)report generation and presentation
E)data preparation and analysis
Question
All of the following represent main methods used by syndicated services to collected data EXCEPT ________.

A)focus groups
B)surveys
C)panels
D)scanners
E)audits
Question
According to the text, most of the research suppliers are ________.

A)multinational operations
B)Fortune 500 operations
C)foreign operations
D)small operations
E)501(c)(3)organizations
Question
Which of the following marketing research firms does NOT offer customized services?

A)Kantar
B)Westat
C)Burke, Inc.
D)Field Work Chicago, Inc.
E)All offer customized services.
Question
All of the following are considered to be controllable marketing variables EXCEPT ________.

A)economy
B)pricing
C)promotion
D)distribution
E)All are controllable.
Question
Which of the following is NOT a form of interviewing in the data collection stage of the research process?

A)telephone interviewing
B)mail interviewing
C)electronic interviewing
D)observational interviewing
E)personal interviewing
Question
Marketing research departments located outside a firm and comprising the marketing research industry are called ________.

A)internal suppliers
B)horizontal suppliers
C)virtual suppliers
D)external suppliers
E)smart zones
Question
Companies that collect and sell common pools of data designed to serve information needs that a number of clients share are called ________.

A)environmental services
B)customized services
C)syndicated services
D)Internet services
E)field services
Question
According to the text, which of the following organizations was recognized as the largest global research firm based on global research revenues?

A)IMS Health Inc.
B)Arbitron Inc.
C)Nielsen
D)Ipsos
E)GfK SE
Question
Companies whose primary service offering is their expertise in collecting data for research projects are called ________.

A)field services
B)Internet services
C)coding and data entry services
D)data analysis services
E)research directorates
Question
The marketing chief of Fossil is considering the introduction of a super functional, fashionable wristwatch for men and women priced at $99.For this, he decided on 30 telephonic interviews from their customer database, 50 valid survey responses from individuals whose income is greater than $60,000 and 2 focus groups.To which of the six steps of the marketing research process do the actions of the marketing chief for Fossil fall into?

A)defining the problem
B)developing an approach to the problem
C)doing analysis
D)doing fieldwork or collecting data
E)formulating the research design
Question
Which of the following is NOT considered an uncontrollable environmental factor?

A)competition
B)social and cultural factors
C)political factors
D)promotion
E)economy
Question
Marketing research departments located within a firm are called ________.

A)internal suppliers
B)horizontal suppliers
C)virtual suppliers
D)external suppliers
E)smart zones
Question
Researchers enter the realm of the decision maker when they ________.

A)make an appointment no less than 2 weeks in advance
B)state the facts
C)send an invoice for professional services they have rendered
D)explain the research design
E)give justification for a recommended course of action over others
Question
Outside marketing research companies hired to supply marketing research data are called ________.

A)horizontal suppliers
B)vertical suppliers
C)external suppliers
D)internal suppliers
E)full-service suppliers
Question
The services of full-service suppliers can be categorized into all of the following types of services EXCEPT ________.

A)syndicated services
B)environmental services
C)customized services
D)Internet services
E)All of the above are types of full-service suppliers.
Question
All of the following are steps involved in the data-preparation stage of collected data EXCEPT ________.

A)editing
B)coding
C)transcribing
D)collecting
E)initial inspection
Question
ABC is a company which is involved in selling data that is designed to serve information needs of firms like PepsiCo and Coca-Cola.The data are primarily collected through surveys, purchase and media panels, and scanners.What kind of service does ABC provide in the marketing research industry?

A)Internet service
B)data analysis service
C)limited-service suppliers
D)coding and data entry services
E)syndicated services
Question
A marketing research project is warranted when ________.

A)the required information is already in the organization
B)the decision which the research addresses has already been made
C)the research will be used for gaining political ends
D)time or money are not available in adequate amounts
E)the cost of the research is less than its eventual benefits
Question
If an outside agency was brought in to conduct work for a research project after the first three steps in the marketing research process were completed, which step would the agency conduct?

A)define the problem
B)develop an approach to the problem
C)formulate the research design
D)correct the problem
E)do fieldwork or collect data
Question
All of the following are considered to be controllable marketing variables EXCEPT ________.

A)competition
B)pricing
C)promotion
D)distribution
E)product
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Deck 1: Introduction to Marketing Research
1
Market potential is an example of a topic typically addressed by problem-identification research.
True
2
Market share is an example of a topic typically addressed by problem-solving research.
False
3
A manager has control over a competitor's pricing policy.
False
4
Problem-identification research is the more common of the forms of research and is undertaken by virtually all marketing firms.
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k this deck
5
Collecting and analyzing data are steps involved in the data-processing stage.
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6
Problem-identification research is typically used to address pricing issues.
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7
Telephone, mail, personal and electronic interviewing are forms of interviewing in the data collection stage of the research process.
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8
Promotion is considered an uncontrollable environmental factor.
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9
Distribution research is an example of a topic typically addressed by problem-identification research.
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10
The first step in any marketing research project is to formulate the research design.
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11
Research undertaken to help solve specific marketing problems is called problem-solving research.
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12
Formulating an analytical framework along with models, research questions, hypotheses, and the information needed are included in developing an approach to the problem.
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13
Image research is an example of a topic typically addressed by problem-identification research.
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14
Problem-identification research involves going below the surface to identify the true underlying problem that the marketing manager is facing.
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15
According to the text, problem-solving research is typically used to assess the environment and diagnose problems.
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16
Segmentation is an example of a topic typically addressed by problem-solving research.
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17
Marketing research is not concerned with factors that are not under the control of the marketing manager.
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18
Fieldwork or data collection is the fourth step of the marketing research process.
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19
Marketing research departments located within a firm are called internal suppliers.
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20
Pricing, promotion, and distribution are all considered controllable marketing variables.
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21
A formalized set of procedures for generating, analyzing, storing, and distributing pertinent information to marketing decision makers on an ongoing basis is called a marketing information system.
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k this deck
22
An information system that enables decision makers to interact directly with both databases and analysis models is called a decision support system.
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k this deck
23
Unstructured problems and the use of models are characteristics that describe a decision support system.
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k this deck
24
Outside marketing research companies hired to supply marketing research data are called external suppliers.
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25
Focus groups represent the main method by which syndicated services collect data.
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k this deck
26
Either a strong qualitative or a strong quantitative background is sufficient to be a successful in marketing research.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
27
Kantar, Westat, and Burke, Inc.are examples of marketing research firms that offer customized services.
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k this deck
28
The ability to improve decision making by using "what-if" analysis is a characteristic of a marketing information system.
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k this deck
29
Companies whose primary service offering is their expertise in collecting data for research projects are called coding and data entry services.
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Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
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k this deck
30
A good knowledge of marketing is essential to be a successful in marketing research.
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Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
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k this deck
31
The services of full-service suppliers can be categorized into syndicated, customized, and Internet services.
Unlock Deck
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
32
Hardware and a communication network are recognized as important components of a decision support system.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
33
Selecting an outside supplier is always done with a formal "request for proposal."
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
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k this deck
34
The decision to conduct research is automatic.
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35
Marketing research should be conducted whenever a decision has to be made.
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k this deck
36
Data analysis services perform services that include editing competing questionnaires, developing a coding scheme, and transcribing the data onto diskettes or magnetic tapes for input into the computer.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
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k this deck
37
According to the text, the most common entry-level position in the marketing research industry for people with bachelor's degrees is assistant project director.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
38
According to the text, Nielsen Holding was recognized as the largest global research firm based on global research revenues.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
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k this deck
39
According to the text, most of the research suppliers are Fortune 500 operations.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
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k this deck
40
Companies that collect and sell common pools of data designed to serve information needs that a number of clients share are called syndicated services.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
41
Marketing research involves all of the following regarding information EXCEPT ________.

A)identification
B)collection
C)analysis
D)manipulation
E)dissemination
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
42
Research undertaken to help solve specific marketing problems is called ________.

A)problem-solving research
B)problem-manipulation research
C)problem-identification research
D)problem-correction research
E)problem exception
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
43
All of the following are examples of topics typically addressed by problem-solving research EXCEPT ________.

A)segmentation
B)product
C)promotion
D)market share
E)pricing
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
44
________ research is undertaken to help identify problems that are not necessarily apparent on the surface and yet exist or are likely to arise in the future.

A)Problem-solving
B)Problem-identification
C)Problem-manipulation
D)Problem-correction
E)Problem exception
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
45
Which of the following statements is most FALSE about marketing research?

A)Marketing research follows a predictable path.
B)Marketing research is systematic.
C)Marketing research is planned.
D)Marketing research leads to automatic decisions.
E)All of the answer selections are FALSE.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
46
The book advocates the use of social media to replace the traditional ways in which research is conducted.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
47
All of the following are examples of topics typically addressed by problem-solving research EXCEPT ________.

A)segmentation
B)product
C)market potential
D)market share
E)C and D
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
48
According to the text, ________ is typically used to assess the environment and diagnose problems.

A)problem-solving research
B)problem-manipulation research
C)problem-identification research
D)problem-correction research
E)problem exception
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
49
The United States accounts for 60 percent of the marketing research expenditures worldwide.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
50
Intel is mentioned as a marketing research firm specializing in social media research.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
51
Which of the following is NOT a step in the marketing research process?

A)problem correction
B)fieldwork
C)research design formulation
D)report generation and presentation
E)data preparation and analysis
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
52
Problem-identification research is typically used to address all of the following topics EXCEPT ________.

A)market share
B)short-range forecasting
C)long-range forecasting
D)pricing
E)market potential
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
53
Which of the following statements is most TRUE about marketing research?

A)Marketing research follows an unpredictable path.
B)Marketing research is systematic.
C)Marketing research cannot be planned.
D)All of the answer selections are FALSE.
E)A and C are both true.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
54
Expectations about objectivity among bloggers and other social media users are lower.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
55
Which of the following is the more common of the forms of research and is undertaken by virtually all marketing firms?

A)problem-solving research
B)problem-identification research
C)problem-manipulation research
D)problem-correction research
E)problem exception
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
56
The first step in any marketing research project is to ________.

A)define the problem
B)develop an approach to the problem
C)formulate the research design
D)correct the problem
E)eliminate the problem
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
57
Research undertaken to identify marketing problems is called ________.

A)problem-solving research
B)problem-manipulation research
C)problem-identification research
D)problem-correction research
E)problem exception
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
58
Social media embody social computing tools commonly referred to as Web 1.0.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
59
Which of the following classifications of marketing research involves going below the surface to identify the true underlying problem that the marketing manager is facing?

A)problem solving
B)problem manipulation
C)problem correction
D)problem identification
E)problem exception
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
60
Which of the following is NOT a step in the marketing research process?

A)problem definition
B)problem correction
C)research design formulation
D)report generation and presentation
E)data preparation and analysis
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
61
All of the following represent main methods used by syndicated services to collected data EXCEPT ________.

A)focus groups
B)surveys
C)panels
D)scanners
E)audits
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
62
According to the text, most of the research suppliers are ________.

A)multinational operations
B)Fortune 500 operations
C)foreign operations
D)small operations
E)501(c)(3)organizations
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
63
Which of the following marketing research firms does NOT offer customized services?

A)Kantar
B)Westat
C)Burke, Inc.
D)Field Work Chicago, Inc.
E)All offer customized services.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
64
All of the following are considered to be controllable marketing variables EXCEPT ________.

A)economy
B)pricing
C)promotion
D)distribution
E)All are controllable.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
65
Which of the following is NOT a form of interviewing in the data collection stage of the research process?

A)telephone interviewing
B)mail interviewing
C)electronic interviewing
D)observational interviewing
E)personal interviewing
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
66
Marketing research departments located outside a firm and comprising the marketing research industry are called ________.

A)internal suppliers
B)horizontal suppliers
C)virtual suppliers
D)external suppliers
E)smart zones
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
67
Companies that collect and sell common pools of data designed to serve information needs that a number of clients share are called ________.

A)environmental services
B)customized services
C)syndicated services
D)Internet services
E)field services
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
68
According to the text, which of the following organizations was recognized as the largest global research firm based on global research revenues?

A)IMS Health Inc.
B)Arbitron Inc.
C)Nielsen
D)Ipsos
E)GfK SE
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
69
Companies whose primary service offering is their expertise in collecting data for research projects are called ________.

A)field services
B)Internet services
C)coding and data entry services
D)data analysis services
E)research directorates
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
70
The marketing chief of Fossil is considering the introduction of a super functional, fashionable wristwatch for men and women priced at $99.For this, he decided on 30 telephonic interviews from their customer database, 50 valid survey responses from individuals whose income is greater than $60,000 and 2 focus groups.To which of the six steps of the marketing research process do the actions of the marketing chief for Fossil fall into?

A)defining the problem
B)developing an approach to the problem
C)doing analysis
D)doing fieldwork or collecting data
E)formulating the research design
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
71
Which of the following is NOT considered an uncontrollable environmental factor?

A)competition
B)social and cultural factors
C)political factors
D)promotion
E)economy
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
72
Marketing research departments located within a firm are called ________.

A)internal suppliers
B)horizontal suppliers
C)virtual suppliers
D)external suppliers
E)smart zones
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
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73
Researchers enter the realm of the decision maker when they ________.

A)make an appointment no less than 2 weeks in advance
B)state the facts
C)send an invoice for professional services they have rendered
D)explain the research design
E)give justification for a recommended course of action over others
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74
Outside marketing research companies hired to supply marketing research data are called ________.

A)horizontal suppliers
B)vertical suppliers
C)external suppliers
D)internal suppliers
E)full-service suppliers
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75
The services of full-service suppliers can be categorized into all of the following types of services EXCEPT ________.

A)syndicated services
B)environmental services
C)customized services
D)Internet services
E)All of the above are types of full-service suppliers.
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Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
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76
All of the following are steps involved in the data-preparation stage of collected data EXCEPT ________.

A)editing
B)coding
C)transcribing
D)collecting
E)initial inspection
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Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
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77
ABC is a company which is involved in selling data that is designed to serve information needs of firms like PepsiCo and Coca-Cola.The data are primarily collected through surveys, purchase and media panels, and scanners.What kind of service does ABC provide in the marketing research industry?

A)Internet service
B)data analysis service
C)limited-service suppliers
D)coding and data entry services
E)syndicated services
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Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
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78
A marketing research project is warranted when ________.

A)the required information is already in the organization
B)the decision which the research addresses has already been made
C)the research will be used for gaining political ends
D)time or money are not available in adequate amounts
E)the cost of the research is less than its eventual benefits
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Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
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79
If an outside agency was brought in to conduct work for a research project after the first three steps in the marketing research process were completed, which step would the agency conduct?

A)define the problem
B)develop an approach to the problem
C)formulate the research design
D)correct the problem
E)do fieldwork or collect data
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Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
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80
All of the following are considered to be controllable marketing variables EXCEPT ________.

A)competition
B)pricing
C)promotion
D)distribution
E)product
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Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
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Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 98 flashcards in this deck.