Question 1

Which of the following is true of heuristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  In cases where algorithms are not available, we may use heuristics. 
B)  If applied appropriately, a heuristic guarantees a solution to a problem. 
C)  Heuristics never lead to errors. 
D)  Heuristics decrease the likelihood of success in finding a solution.

Question 2

Dr. Ireland's class is attempting to find derivatives, whereas Dr. Jamison's class is developing campaign strategies for a local politician. Which of the following statements is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dr. Ireland's class is solving a well-defined problem. 
B)  Dr. Jamison's class is solving a well-defined problem. 
C)  Dr. Ireland's class is using syllogistic reasoning. 
D)  Dr. Jamison's class is using familiarity heuristic.

Question 3

According to the _____ , language provides us with categories that we use to construct our view of people and events in the world around us.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the _____ , language provides...

Question 4

I was a second-semester freshman. I was eating fries in the college cafeteria when my friend Liz came up. She was wearing that plaid coat with her yellow skirt, along with that moss-green embroidered bag, the one with a Grecian urn embroidered on it. She told me the Space Shuttle blew up. This is my _____  memory of the 1986 Challenger disaster.

Accepted Answer

The answer of I was a second-semester freshman. I was...

Question 5

The process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  perception 
B)  memory 
C)  rehearsal 
D)  cognition

Question 6

Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of the three broad phases of the problem-solving process, from first to last?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preparation → judgment → production 
B)  Judgment → production → preparation 
C)  Preparation → production → judgment 
D)  Judgment → preparation → production

Question 7

In ________ problems, the nature of the problem and the information needed to solve it are clear. In ________ problems, the nature of the problem and/or the information required to solve it are unclear.

Accepted Answer

A)  well-defined; ill-defined 
B)  algorithmic; heuristic 
C)  arrangement; inducing structure 
D)  transformation; arrangement

Question 8

Zelma is asked to think of all the words beginning with the letters "squ," such as squeak. She is then given a fill-in-the-blank task where one of the items is "s _ _ o n g." Zelma keeps trying to make "squong" a word, and she has trouble thinking of the common word "strong." Zelma's ability to solve this problem has been hampered by:

Accepted Answer

A)  syllogistic reasoning. 
B)  mental set. 
C)  the confirmation bias. 
D)  the representativeness heuristic.

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes the forgetting function that Ebbinghaus discovered?

Accepted Answer

A)  Material is forgotten at a relatively constant rate once it has been learned. 
B)  Nothing is ever really forgotten. 
C)  Material is forgotten at a relatively slow rate at first, then the rate of forgetting speeds up. 
D)  Material is forgotten relatively rapidly at first, and then the rate of forgetting slows down.

Question 10

When you play tic-tac-toe using certain mental shortcuts, you are using cognitive strategies psychologists call:

Accepted Answer

A)  algorithms. 
B)  mental sets. 
C)  heuristics. 
D)  syllogistic reasoning.

Question 11

According to the levels-of-processing theory, which of the following students should retrieve information more successfully on classroom tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grant, who attempts to memorize his notes 
B)  Irene, who pays close attention to what is taught in class 
C)  Noel, who reads the content in his text loudly 
D)  Giselle, who underlines the important content in the text

Question 12

When answering such questions as, "Who was your date to the junior prom?" or, "Which costume did you wear last Halloween?" you are relying most explicitly on the memory process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding. 
B)  potentiation. 
C)  retrieval. 
D)  storage.

Question 13

Mental groupings of objects, events, or people that share common features are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  concepts. 
B)  ideas. 
C)  heuristics. 
D)  algorithms.

Question 14

Mickey is about to take his psychology finals. Just before the exam, the person sitting next to him asks him the name of the physiologist who worked on classical conditioning. Mickey suddenly realizes that he can't quite remember the name, but he knows that it starts with a "P" and is two syllables long. Mickey is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

A)  repression. 
B)  simple decay. 
C)  retrograde amnesia. 
D)  the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

Question 15

A high school physics teacher reassures his class that no matter how confusing that week's word problems appear, they can be solved quite handily through the use of the formula F = MA. The teacher has offered his students a(n) _____ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of A high school physics teacher reassures his...

Question 16

A ________ is a meaningful grouping of stimuli that can be stored as a unit in short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  chunk 
B)  clump 
C)  babble 
D)  prototype

Question 17

Theorists taking an interactionist approach to language acquisition:

Accepted Answer

A)  reject both the learning theory and nativist approaches. 
B)  agree that the brain is hardwired to acquire language. 
C)  downplay the role of the environment in language acquisition. 
D)  remain unconvinced by the idea of a language-acquisition device.

Question 18

Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of stages in the three-stage model of memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory memory → short-term memory → long-term memory 
B)  Short-term memory → sensory memory → long-term memory 
C)  Short-term memory → working memory → long-term memory 
D)  Working memory → short-term memory → long-term memory

Question 19

Which of the following is true of mental images?

Accepted Answer

A)  They refer only to visual representations. 
B)  They have only a few of the properties of the actual stimuli they represent. 
C)  They are representations in the mind of an object or event. 
D)  They can't be rotated.

Question 20

Renee has an idea of how her living room ought to look. She is moving the furniture, paintings, and accessories to get closer to that picture in her head. Renee is using the problem-solving technique of _____ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Renee has an idea of how her...

Exam 6: Leveraging Technology and Developing Information Competency