Question 1

Fighting the freeway traffic, Eli's remarks are studded with vivid expletives. Based on research described in your text, you suspect that Eli's _________ is highly active.

Accepted Answer

A)  auditory association cortex 
B)  prefrontal cortex 
C)  amygdala 
D)  motor association cortex

Question 2

Justin thinks that plane crashes occur on a daily basis due to his exposure to memorable media stories about plane crashes. This example illustrates Justin's use of the __________ heuristic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Justin thinks that plane crashes occur on...

Question 3

Dr. Prather is a behavioral psychologist strongly influenced by the ideas of Skinner and Bandura. To which of the following explanations of girls' language arts superiority in elementary school would Dr. Prather lend the LEAST credence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because they are more social than boys, girls are exposed to more interactive language than are boys. 
B)  Parents and teachers encourage the sophisticated use of language among girls to a greater extent than they do among boys. 
C)  Most elementary school teachers are women. Girls are thus exposed to adult models of sophisticated language use that resemble themselves. Boys have less such exposure. 
D)  There are more connections between the hemispheres in female brains than in male brains.

Question 4

Which type of problem may be solved successfully by the application of an algorithm?

Accepted Answer

A)  well-defined problems only 
B)  ill-defined problems only 
C)  both well- and ill-defined problems 
D)  Neither well- nor ill-defined problems; algorithms apply only to decision-making.

Question 5

Which of the following neurotransmitters seems to be involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin 
B)  dopamine 
C)  glutamate 
D)  norepinephrine

Question 6

Which of the following sequences correctly orders the components of language, from the smallest or most specific to the broadest?

Accepted Answer

A)  phoneme morpheme syntax 
B)  syntax morpheme phoneme 
C)  phoneme syntax morpheme 
D)  syntax phoneme morpheme

Question 7

A machine can perform millions of calculations per second. This characteristic allows it to use what type of problem solving strategy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insight 
B)  Functional 
C)  Algorithm 
D)  Heuristic

Question 8

What area of the brain is typically damaged when people display dysexecutive syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What area of the brain is typically...

Question 9

We take evidence that is consistent with our beliefs more seriously than evidence inconsistent with our beliefs. This is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias 
B)  availability heuristic 
C)  representativeness heuristic 
D)  selection bias

Question 10

We are often prone to judge an individual by the extent to which they resemble our representation of a group or category of people; that is, we are prone to the _________ when forming impressions or making decisions about others.

Accepted Answer

A)  availability heuristic 
B)  representativeness heuristic 
C)  confirmation bias 
D)  stereotypic bias

Question 11

According to your text, reading becomes an automatic process for most children around the age of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  7 
C)  8 
D)  9

Question 12

Pragmatics refers to the practical use of language.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following terms best captures the meaning of the term heuristic, as cognitive psychologists use it?

Accepted Answer

A)  recipe 
B)  formula 
C)  strategy 
D)  program

Question 14

In written language, letters most closely represent __________, whereas sentences may be said to reflect __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  syntax; semantics 
B)  syntax; phonemes 
C)  phonemes; syntax 
D)  phonemes; semantics

Question 15

Colin received his paper back from his English teacher, Ms. Taylor. She informed him that adverbs follow the verbs they modify in sentence order. What level of language analysis does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Syntax 
B)  Semantics 
C)  Morphology 
D)  Pragmatics

Question 16

As compared to _________ processes, automatic processes are ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  explicit; more disrupted by distractions 
B)  controlled; more disrupted by distractions 
C)  explicit; less disrupted by distractions 
D)  controlled; less disrupted by distractions

Question 17

Reduced planning ability is associated with dysexecutive syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following illustrates mental imagery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reviewing the items written on a grocery list 
B)  Being able to "see" the layout of a grocery store 
C)  Deciding what to include in a research proposal 
D)  Practicing a speech that will be given in class

Question 19

When a large problem is divided into smaller pieces, __________ are formed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a large problem is divided into...

Question 20

Describe how analogies can help with problem solving and provide an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how analogies can help with problem...

Exam 9: Language and Thought