Question 1

What 2 groups of individuals may be especially vulnerable to conditioned taste aversion?

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Shaping as a means to teach new behaviors relies on rewarding successive __________ of the desired behavior until the complete behavioral sequence emerges.

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Question 3

What drugs can be used to treat ADD and ADHD?

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Question 4

Neuroimaging studies have revealed that as compared to children without the disability, children with dyslexia have reduced blood flow in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  basal ganglia 
B)  left prefrontal cortex 
C)  right parietotemporal cortex 
D)  left parietotemporal cortex

Question 5

Negative reinforcement:

Accepted Answer

A)  is the same thing as punishment 
B)  leads to an increase in the probability of a behavior 
C)  decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be performed 
D)  involves removing a pleasant stimulus

Question 6

When does non-associative learning develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  prenatally 
B)  in the first days of life 
C)  in the first several months of life 
D)  in the second year of life

Question 7

As compared to behaviors reinforced on continuous schedules, behaviors reinforced intermittently are _______ resistant to extinction.

Accepted Answer

A)  more 
B)  slightly less 
C)  equally 
D)  much less

Question 8

What phenomenon did Ivan Pavlov initially set out to study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Canine audition 
B)  Canine vision 
C)  Associative learning 
D)  Salivary reflex in digestion

Question 9

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vanna fastens her seatbelt as soon as she gets in her car to stop the annoying alert sound. 
B)  Drake no longer cuts class, now that his parents confiscated his iPod. 
C)  Maria now buys a different brand of cigarettes to get two packs for the price of one. 
D)  Nate no longer arrives late at work following a reprimand from his boss.

Question 10

Sleep deprivation impairs our ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  focus our attention 
B)  learn new information 
C)  transfer information to long-term memory 
D)  All of the above

Question 11

Reinforcers that satisfy a biological need are called ________ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  unconditioned 
C)  primary 
D)  reflexive

Question 12

Mario ate leftover food on Saturday morning that had not been refrigerated properly the night before. Later that day, he became ill. To this day, many years later, Mario refuses to eat leftover food. Which term describes his condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensitization 
B)  Phobia 
C)  Taste aversion 
D)  Habituation

Question 13

Name two major types of associative conditioning?

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Question 14

The vast majority of learning that occurs in complex organisms is __________ learning.

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Question 15

Studies with garlic suggest that fetuses can engage in what type(s) of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonassocaitive 
B)  Habituation 
C)  Sensitization 
D)  All of the above

Question 16

Each pair below CORRECTLY identifies a stimulus or response in Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral stimulus - noise 
B)  conditioned stimulus - rat 
C)  unconditioned response - fear 
D)  unconditioned stimulus - noise

Question 17

Who conducted the Bobo doll experiment?

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Question 18

Even after Pavlov's assistant stopped bringing food to the dogs during visits, the dogs salivated weeks later when they saw the assistant. What learning phenomenon does this describe?

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Question 19

What type(s) of media may promote aggressive behaviors in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Video games 
B)  Cartoons 
C)  Movies 
D)  All of the above

Question 20

Differentiate between associative and non-associative learning.

Accepted Answer

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Exam 7: Learning