Question 1

In a large correlational study, Grace finds a correlation coefficient of .15 between one pair of variables. She finds a coefficient of -.65 between two other variables. Which alternative below BEST describes these two correlations, respectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  weak positive relationship; strong negative relationship 
B)  very weak positive relationship; strong negative relationship 
C)  weak positive relationship; very strong negative relationship 
D)  weak positive relationship; modest negative relationship

Question 2

Without statistics, researchers would not know if their original hypotheses were valid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Research participants are fully responsible for protecting themselves from harm or discomfort in a research study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Why do the editors of psychology journals sometimes insist that psychologists include an estimate of effect size along with the probability statistic when they report a significant result?

Accepted Answer

A)  By itself, a probability statistic indicates only whether the difference in means between the groups in the study is unlikely to reflect chance. The effect size statistic indicates whether the difference is large. 
B)  By itself, a probability statistic indicates only that the difference in means between the groups in the study is large. The effect size statistic indicates whether the difference is unlikely to reflect chance. 
C)  The effect size statistic replicates the probability statistic, providing additional evidence that the result is significant. 
D)  By itself, a probability statistic indicates only that there is a relationship between two variables. The effect size statistic gives some indication of cause and effect.

Question 5

Experimental group is to control group as _______ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable; no independent variable 
B)  dependent variable; no dependent variable 
C)  independent variable; dependent variable 
D)  dependent variable; independent variable

Question 6

"The process of observation is a challenging one for psychology, given its subject matter,"offers Frederico. "That's why psychology should investigate only phenomena which are clearly observable," Grady responds. "But psychologists can use observable behavior to make reliable statements about internal processes that can't be seen," counters Holly. "Not to mention, technology continues to expand the range of psychological processes we can actually observe," Indira notes. Which of these discussants is paired with the psychological perspective they most clearly reflect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grady - psychodynamic perspective 
B)  Holly - behaviorist perspective 
C)  Indira - neuroscience perspective 
D)  Grady - cognitive perspective

Question 7

In an industrial psychology experiment, one group of participants is exposed to heat stress; another is not. All participants' performance on a manual dexterity task is then examined. Which set below contains equivalent items?

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable; experimental group; no stress group 
B)  independent variable; experimental group; heat stress group 
C)  no independent variable; control group; heat stress group. 
D)  no independent variable; experimental group; no stress group

Question 8

Researcher bias is not an issue when naturalistic observation is used.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

When asked to define 'popularity,' Brianna offers, "It's when everyone likes you." Chrissy suggests, "It's basically the number of friends you have." In this example, an operational definition is being offered by:

Accepted Answer

A)  both Chrissy and Brianna 
B)  neither Chrissy nor Brianna 
C)  Brianna 
D)  Chrissy

Question 10

Evaluate the following statement: Animal testing has not benefited our understanding of human behavior. Is this an accurate statement? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evaluate the following statement: Animal testing has...

Question 11

Describe 3 different means by which surveys can be conducted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe 3 different means by which surveys...

Question 12

What logical process starts with broad, basic principles and applies them in specific situations to prove many smaller truths?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What logical process starts with broad, basic...

Question 13

According to your text, approximately _____% of the public supports animal research, provided that the research serves scientific purposes.

Accepted Answer

A)  50 
B)  65 
C)  75 
D)  90

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of pseudopsychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  astronomy 
B)  astrology 
C)  Gestalt 
D)  Maharishi

Question 15

In which of the following alternatives is a scientific goals matched with an appropriate research method?

Accepted Answer

A)  description - experimental research 
B)  explanation - survey research 
C)  explanation - experimental research 
D)  explanation - case study

Question 16

In a small study, a group of students in an Experimental Psychology course collected scores on two variables - Variables A and B - from five participants as follows: Participant 1: A = 3, B = 10; Participant 2: A = 3, B = 9; Participant 3: A = 8, B = 4; Participant 4: A = 6, B = 6; Participant 2: A = 10, B = 1. "The mean score on Variable A is 6, and the variables are not correlated, "Ivy notes. "The mean Variable B score is 5, and the variables are negatively correlated," John states. "No, the mean score on B is 6; but, yes, A and B are negatively correlated," Kenya remarks. "Wait. The mean score on A is 5," Lara adds. Which of these students is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only John is correct. 
B)  Kenya and Lara are correct. 
C)  John and Lara are correct. 
D)  Only Kenya is correct.

Question 17

Define random selection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define random selection....

Question 18

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  -.75 
B) 60 
C) 00 
D) 30

Question 19

A pharmaceutical company wishes to test the efficacy of a new anti-depressant using a double-blind procedure. Which alternative CORRECTLY describes the procedure the company would use?

Accepted Answer

A)  The research assistants would know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Each patient would also know which type of pill he or she was taking. 
B)  The research assistants would know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Each patient, though, would not know which type of pill he or she was taking. 
C)  The research assistants would not know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Each patient, though, would know which type of pill he or she was taking. 
D)  The research assistants would not know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Also, each patient would not know which type of pill he or she was taking.

Question 20

At Folger U., Drs. Chase and Sanborn are conducting an experiment on the effects of caffeine on memory. Participants are randomly assigned to a caffeine or a no caffeine group; their recall of items on a word list is later assessed. Which pair below correctly names and identifies the variables in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  word recall - control variable; caffeine - experimental variable 
B)  word recall - independent variable; caffeine - dependent variable 
C)  word recall - dependent variable; caffeine - independent variable 
D)  word recall - experimental variable; caffeine - control variable

Exam 2: Psychology As a Science

In a large correlational study, Grace finds a correlation coefficient of .15 between one pair of variables. She finds a coefficient of -.65 between two other variables. Which alternative below BEST describes these two correlations, respectively?

Without statistics, researchers would not know if their original hypotheses were valid.

Research participants are fully responsible for protecting themselves from harm or discomfort in a research study.

Why do the editors of psychology journals sometimes insist that psychologists include an estimate of effect size along with the probability statistic when they report a significant result?

Experimental group is to control group as _ is to __.

In an industrial psychology experiment, one group of participants is exposed to heat stress; another is not. All participants' performance on a manual dexterity task is then examined. Which set below contains equivalent items?

Researcher bias is not an issue when naturalistic observation is used.

When asked to define 'popularity,' Brianna offers, "It's when everyone likes you." Chrissy suggests, "It's basically the number of friends you have." In this example, an operational definition is being offered by:

Evaluate the following statement: Animal testing has not benefited our understanding of human behavior. Is this an accurate statement? Why or why not?

Describe 3 different means by which surveys can be conducted.

What logical process starts with broad, basic principles and applies them in specific situations to prove many smaller truths?

According to your text, approximately _____% of the public supports animal research, provided that the research serves scientific purposes.

Which of the following is an example of pseudopsychology?

In which of the following alternatives is a scientific goals matched with an appropriate research method?

Define random selection.

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables?

A pharmaceutical company wishes to test the efficacy of a new anti-depressant using a double-blind procedure. Which alternative CORRECTLY describes the procedure the company would use?