Question 1

Which of these is NOT a disadvantage of naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The researchers cannot control any of the variables in the situation. 
B)  The research takes place in an artificial setting and may involve contrived manipulations. 
C)  The researchers may be susceptible to observer bias. 
D)  The individuals under observation may alter their behavior if they are aware of the observer.

Question 2

At Folger University,Drs.Chase and Sanborn are conducting an experiment on the effects of caffeine on memory.Participants are randomly assigned to a caffeine or a no-caffeine group; later their recall of items on a word list is assessed.In this experiment,word recall is the _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  control 
C)  independent 
D)  dependent

Question 3

Owen is asked if he can identify a suspect in a lineup.He thinks his fear at the time of the crime may have impaired his memory for what the perpetrator looked like.This hypothesis would MOST likely be tested by a _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral 
B)  psychoanalytic 
C)  humanistic 
D)  cognitive

Question 4

Between which pair of values is one MOST likely to find a positive correlation in which both variables move in the same direction?

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol consumption and GPA 
B)  GPA and height 
C)  GPA and amount of studying 
D)  GPA and depression

Question 5

Inferential statistics help researchers determine the probability of future occurrences,which helps them attain their goal of:

Accepted Answer

A)  description. 
B)  prediction. 
C)  explanation. 
D)  control.

Question 6

Which method relies on questionnaires or interviews?

Accepted Answer

A)  the survey 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  an experiment 
D)  a case study

Question 7

Which method is NOT a descriptive research technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  experiment 
B)  case study 
C)  survey 
D)  naturalistic observation

Question 8

Inferential statistics enable researchers to infer the likelihood of future occurrences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The correlation coefficient ranges from _____ to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  1; 100 
B)  -1.00; 1.00 
C)  0; 1 
D)  -100; 100

Question 10

Who was the first to suggest that the mind-body problem could be solved by studying sensation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plato 
B)  René Descartes 
C)  Gustav Fechner 
D)  Wilhelm Wundt

Question 11

Scores on a measure of extraversion are probably negatively correlated with number of Facebook friends.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In naturalistic observation,observer bias reflects the influence of the researcher's own values,attitudes,or expectations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In which of the following answers is a step in the scientific method correctly paired with its corresponding activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  developing a hypothesis - performing a study 
B)  collecting data - reviewing the scientific literature on a topic 
C)  analyzing data - determining whether hypothesis is supported 
D)  developing a question - establishing an operational definition

Question 15

Which of the following statements BEST expresses the relationship between a theory and a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A theory is more specific than a hypothesis. 
B)  A theory is broader than a hypothesis. 
C)  A theory is the same thing as a hypothesis. 
D)  A theory is unrelated to a hypothesis.

Question 16

Dr.Greenway argues that psychology should focus on observable,measurable behavior.Dr.Cech suggests that psychology should study how people think and process information.Which option correctly pairs the psychologists with their respective perspectives?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dr.Greenway - behavioral perspective; Dr.Cech -- cognitive perspective 
B)  Dr.Greenway - cognitive perspective; Dr.Cech - behavioral perspective 
C)  Dr.Greenway - psychoanalytic perspective; Dr.Cech - cognitive perspective 
D)  Dr.Greenway - behavioral perspective; Dr.Cech - psychoanaytic perspective

Question 17

In which answer is a classic case study correctly paired with the insight it provided?

Accepted Answer

A)  H.M.- revealed the classical conditioning of fear responses in humans 
B)  Lorenz's geese - demonstrated the classical conditioning of fear 
C)  Genain quintuplets - revealed the genetic basis of schizophrenia 
D)  Phineas Gage - showed the effects of brain damage on memory

Question 18

The process psychologists use to conduct research is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  critical thinking. 
B)  informed speculation. 
C)  the scientific method. 
D)  educated guessing.

Question 19

At the heart of the humanistic perspective is the concept of:

Accepted Answer

A)  free will. 
B)  environmental determinism. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  unconscious conflict.

Question 20

A journal article that has been evaluated by other experts in the field before publication has gone through _____ review.

Accepted Answer

A)  panel 
B)  critical 
C)  peer 
D)  scientific

Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Which of these is NOT a disadvantage of naturalistic observation?

At Folger University,Drs.Chase and Sanborn are conducting an experiment on the effects of caffeine on memory.Participants are randomly assigned to a caffeine or a no-caffeine group; later their recall of items on a word list is assessed.In this experiment,word recall is the _____ variable.

Owen is asked if he can identify a suspect in a lineup.He thinks his fear at the time of the crime may have impaired his memory for what the perpetrator looked like.This hypothesis would MOST likely be tested by a _____ psychologist.

Between which pair of values is one MOST likely to find a positive correlation in which both variables move in the same direction?

Inferential statistics help researchers determine the probability of future occurrences,which helps them attain their goal of:

Which method relies on questionnaires or interviews?

Which method is NOT a descriptive research technique?

Inferential statistics enable researchers to infer the likelihood of future occurrences.

The correlation coefficient ranges from _ to _.

Who was the first to suggest that the mind-body problem could be solved by studying sensation?

Scores on a measure of extraversion are probably negatively correlated with number of Facebook friends.

In naturalistic observation,observer bias reflects the influence of the researcher's own values,attitudes,or expectations.

The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher.

In which of the following answers is a step in the scientific method correctly paired with its corresponding activity?

Which of the following statements BEST expresses the relationship between a theory and a hypothesis?

Dr.Greenway argues that psychology should focus on observable,measurable behavior.Dr.Cech suggests that psychology should study how people think and process information.Which option correctly pairs the psychologists with their respective perspectives?

In which answer is a classic case study correctly paired with the insight it provided?

The process psychologists use to conduct research is called:

At the heart of the humanistic perspective is the concept of:

A journal article that has been evaluated by other experts in the field before publication has gone through _____ review.