Question 1

Which of the following perspectives on personality was generated using the statistical tool called factor analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Raymond Cattell's 16 personality factor model
B)  Albert Bandura's social learning theory
C)  Walter Mischel and Yuichi Shoda's cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS) 
D)  Carl Rogers's theory of self A

Question 2

Kathy's father was an abusive alcoholic and as a result of her early experience,Kathy has a distorted mental image of all fathers as being abusive people.According to a certain theory,there will be an unconscious influence on Kathy's future relationships with men.This view is represented by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  humanistic theory
B)  object relations theory
C)  Erik Erickson's life-span development approach
D)  Carl Jung's theory of analytic psychology B

Question 3

Studies have found that individuals often seek relationships with others who confirm their positive or negative views of themselves,so much so that when someone with a negative self-view marries a person who views them favourably,the person with the negative self-view will often withdraw from the marriage.This phenomenon is most consistent with the concept of:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-enhancement.
B)  self-verification.
C)  self-efficacy.
D)  self-esteem. B

Question 4

Compare the similarities of and differences between Carl Rogers's and Sigmund Freud's approaches in each of the following areas: 1) the structure of personality, 2) major personality processes, and 3) the causes of maladjustment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the similarities of and differences between...

Question 5

This approach to personality has advanced our understanding of how person and situation variables interact to produce behaviour,with a strong scientific base.This is the ______________ approach to personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  social cognitive-behavioural
B)  humanistic
C)  psychodynamic
D)  trait

Question 6

According to Eysenck's theory of personality,a normal personality can be explained with a combination of which of the following traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  extroversion-introversion and stability-instability
B)  extroversion-introversion and agreeableness-disagreeableness
C)  neuroticism-non neuroticism and stability-instability
D)  optimistic-pessimistic and stability-instability

Question 7

Psychoanalysts generally agree that the primary defence mechanism utilized by the ego to control the anxiety-generating urges created by the id is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  sublimation
B)  denial
C)  repression
D)  reaction formation

Question 8

Of the alternatives below,the one that Albert Bandura did NOT claim affects self-efficacy beliefs is:

Accepted Answer

A)  locus of control.
B)  verbal persuasion.
C)  observational learning.
D)  emotional arousal.

Question 9

In measuring individual differences in personality traits and describing classes of behaviour,trait theorists attempt to _________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  understand and predict behaviour
B)  observe behaviour
C)  facilitate stability in behaviour
D)  control behaviour

Question 10

Researchers and clinicians can collect samples of behaviours,thoughts,and feelings from respondents as they live their daily lives through:

Accepted Answer

A)  responses on projective tests.
B)  remote behaviour sampling.
C)  behavioural assessments.
D)  personality scales and self-ratings.

Question 11

According to Freud's theory of personality,part of the personality present at birth contains inborn biological drives and operates under the pleasure principle.This is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ego
B)  super ego
C)  alter ego
D)  id

Question 12

The neoanalytic approach known as ______________ focuses on the mental representations that people create of themselves and significant others as a result of early childhood experiences with caregivers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The neoanalytic approach known as ______________ focuses...

Question 13

All other things being equal,it is usually best to set outcome goals rather than performance goals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What does research show about the stability of personality,and what key factors make it difficult to predict behaviours based on traits?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does research show about the stability...

Question 15

The concept of reciprocal determinism argues that the person,the person's behaviour,and the environment can each influence one another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The distinctive and relatively consistent ways of thinking,feeling,and behaving that characterize a person's responses to various life situations is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-efficacy
B)  internalization
C)  personality
D)  self-verification

Question 17

According to Carl Rogers,self-consistency refers to the human need:

Accepted Answer

A)  to maintain consistency between our self-beliefs and our actual experiences.
B)  for acceptance,love,and sympathy from others.
C)  to realize our total human potential.
D)  to maintain consistency among our various self-beliefs.

Question 18

The humanistic notion that people are motivated to preserve their self-concept by maintaining consistency and congruence is known as self-enhancement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

One of the criticisms of psychoanalytic theory is that it is so broad and comprehensive that it can explain almost any behavioural outcome and is therefore difficult to falsify.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding Freud's psychoanalytic theory is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The conscious,preconscious,and unconscious minds are roughly equivalent in size.
B)  The preconscious mind is substantially larger than the conscious or unconscious mind.
C)  The conscious mind is substantially larger than the unconscious or preconscious mind.
D)  The unconscious mind is substantially larger than the conscious or preconscious mind.

Exam 12: Development Over the Lifespan

Which of the following perspectives on personality was generated using the statistical tool called factor analysis?

Kathy's father was an abusive alcoholic and as a result of her early experience,Kathy has a distorted mental image of all fathers as being abusive people.According to a certain theory,there will be an unconscious influence on Kathy's future relationships with men.This view is represented by the:

Compare the similarities of and differences between Carl Rogers's and Sigmund Freud's approaches in each of the following areas: 1) the structure of personality, 2) major personality processes, and 3) the causes of maladjustment.

This approach to personality has advanced our understanding of how person and situation variables interact to produce behaviour,with a strong scientific base.This is the ______________ approach to personality.

According to Eysenck's theory of personality,a normal personality can be explained with a combination of which of the following traits?

Psychoanalysts generally agree that the primary defence mechanism utilized by the ego to control the anxiety-generating urges created by the id is the:

Of the alternatives below,the one that Albert Bandura did NOT claim affects self-efficacy beliefs is:

In measuring individual differences in personality traits and describing classes of behaviour,trait theorists attempt to _________________________.

Researchers and clinicians can collect samples of behaviours,thoughts,and feelings from respondents as they live their daily lives through:

According to Freud's theory of personality,part of the personality present at birth contains inborn biological drives and operates under the pleasure principle.This is the ________.

The neoanalytic approach known as ______________ focuses on the mental representations that people create of themselves and significant others as a result of early childhood experiences with caregivers.

All other things being equal,it is usually best to set outcome goals rather than performance goals.

What does research show about the stability of personality,and what key factors make it difficult to predict behaviours based on traits?

The concept of reciprocal determinism argues that the person,the person's behaviour,and the environment can each influence one another.

The distinctive and relatively consistent ways of thinking,feeling,and behaving that characterize a person's responses to various life situations is defined as:

According to Carl Rogers,self-consistency refers to the human need:

The humanistic notion that people are motivated to preserve their self-concept by maintaining consistency and congruence is known as self-enhancement.

One of the criticisms of psychoanalytic theory is that it is so broad and comprehensive that it can explain almost any behavioural outcome and is therefore difficult to falsify.

Which of the following statements regarding Freud's psychoanalytic theory is true?