Question 1

A girl learns that whenever her older brother shares his cookie with her, her mother gives him a piece of candy. The girl's learning is a demonstration of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   contingency theory
B)   classical conditioning
C)   social learning theory
D)   operant conditioning C

Question 2

The basic difference between punishment and reinforcement boils down to a difference between ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned and unconditioned stimuli
B)   presenting and removing stimuli
C)   stimuli and responses
D)   decreasing and increasing response rates D

Question 3

The transfer of a response from a natural stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus, is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   modeling
B)   desensitization
C)   operant conditioning
D)   classical conditioning D

Question 4

Positive reinforcement ________ the likelihood that the behavior preceding it will happen again while negative reinforcement ________ the likelihood that the preceding behavior will happen again.

Accepted Answer

A)   decreases; decreases
B)   decreases; increases
C)   increases; increases
D)   increases; decreases

Question 5

In classical conditioning, during extinction the ________ is consistently omitted and the ________ gradually disappears.

Accepted Answer

A)   CS; UR
B)   UR; CR
C)   US; CS
D)   US; CR

Question 6

The mental image of an area, such as a maze or the floor plan of a building, is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   mental set
B)   cognitive map
C)   Gestalt
D)   perceptual illusion

Question 7

On a variable-interval schedule, reinforcement is given for the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   first correct response after a fixed amount of time has passed
B)   next correct response after a fixed number of responses have occurred
C)   first correct response after varying amounts of time have passed
D)   next correct response after a varying number of responses have occurred

Question 8

The idea that a behavior will increase or decrease based on the consequences that follow that behavior is crucial to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning
B)   insight learning
C)   vicarious learning
D)   classical conditioning

Question 9

"Every morning a train goes by my house at 6:30 when I am just sitting down to breakfast. Lately, however, the train has been coming by at 4:30 and I am having a terrible time getting back to sleep because I'm so hungry." In this example of classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is ________ and the conditioned response is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   eating breakfast; hunger
B)   the sound of the train; going back to sleep
C)   the sound of the train; hunger
D)   hunger; eating breakfast

Question 10

Which of the following would be most appropriate for the use of biofeedback procedures?

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioning children who are bullies to be less aggressive
B)   conditioning children to be on time for school
C)   conditioning executives to reduce their blood pressure
D)   conditioning coyotes to stay away from sheep

Exam 5: Extension: Learning