Question 1

________ is the study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals, especially in natural environments.

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychometrics 
B)  Cognitive ethology 
C)  Factor analysis 
D)  Metacognition

Question 2

_______ is the tendency to solve new problems using procedures that worked before on similar problems.

Accepted Answer

A)  Confirmation bias 
B)  A mental set 
C)  Hindsight bias 
D)  The framing effect

Question 3

Hilda, who is 68, is about to take an IQ test, but she is worried because she knows that older people are often assumed to have diminished mental abilities. Hilda is being affected by ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hilda, who is 68, is about to...

Question 4

When using the availability heuristic, people tend to judge the probability of an event based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  the need to be right, which makes it hard to listen to the available information with an open mind. 
B)  statistical consideration of the frequency with which the event occurs in everyday life. 
C)  the burden of doubt people feel about their abilities to determine probability from available information. 
D)  how easy it is to think of examples or instances.

Question 5

One well-known theory of intelligence, the triarchic theory proposed by Robert Sternberg, distinguishes three different aspects of intelligence. Explain each of these aspects in detail.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One well-known theory of intelligence, the triarchic...

Question 6

Which of the following is one of the components in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  metacognitive intelligence 
B)  cultural intelligence 
C)  contextual intelligence 
D)  emotional intelligence

Question 7

Catherine's grandmother says that if Catherine follows the family's traditional recipe for Irish soda bread exactly, then she is sure to have very good results. Catherine's grandmother is encouraging her granddaughter to:

Accepted Answer

A)  engage in dialectical thinking. 
B)  make use of her family's tacit knowledge. 
C)  use an algorithm. 
D)  rely upon a heuristic.

Question 8

Japanese schoolteachers and students are much more likely than their American counterparts to believe that the secret to doing well in math is working hard.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

According to the triarchic theory of intelligence, there are three kinds of intelligence. ________ intelligence refers to the information processing strategies you draw on when you are thinking intelligently about a problem.

Accepted Answer

A)  Creative 
B)  Componential 
C)  Contextual 
D)  Experiential

Question 10

________ refers to mental inflexibility, inertia, and obliviousness to the present context.

Accepted Answer

A)  Implicit learning 
B)  Multitasking 
C)  Automatic processing 
D)  Mindlessness

Question 11

Prereflective thinkers tend to assume that:

Accepted Answer

A)  some things can never be known with certainty. 
B)  all opinions are created equal. 
C)  a correct answer always exists. 
D)  some judgments are more valid than others.

Question 12

Based on the powers of thought and intelligence, human beings are called homo sapiens, which translates as:

Accepted Answer

A)  rational man. 
B)  creative man. 
C)  anthropomorphic man. 
D)  anthropocentric man.

Question 13

A unit of meaning that is made up of concepts and expresses a single idea is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)  prototype. 
B)  mental image. 
C)  cognitive schema. 
D)  proposition.

Question 14

Propositions represent the relationships of concepts to one another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Diana and Erin are not able to figure out how they can fit two cupboards, a futon, a computer, and a refrigerator into their small dorm room. Just when it seems hopeless, Erin says, "Aha, I've got it!" and begins moving the items around. Erin's sudden revelation is most likely due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  simplifying the process by imagining a prototype of a college dorm room and then making a decision based on the prototype. 
B)  clues that triggered nonconscious processing about the room arrangement followed by conscious awareness of the solution. 
C)  subconscious processing and automatic routines that she has learned so that she can perform them without thinking. 
D)  the ability to multitask in an efficient manner.

Question 16

The tendency to think, mistakenly, that human beings have nothing in common with other animals is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  anthropodenial. 
B)  anthropomorphism. 
C)  stereotype threat. 
D)  tacit knowledge.

Question 17

Research on human cognition reveals that not all mental processing is conscious.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

When John worries about getting bit by a shark when swimming at the beach, but doesn't worry about getting cancer from the cigarettes he smokes, he is:

Accepted Answer

A)  avoiding loss. 
B)  exhibiting confirmation bias. 
C)  exaggerating the improbable. 
D)  exhibiting hindsight bias.

Question 19

_____________ is usually the best approach to problems that have several possible answers that vary in quality.

Accepted Answer

A)  Formal reasoning 
B)  Informal reasoning 
C)  Using an algorithm 
D)  Choosing a solution randomly

Question 20

When you solve a long-division problem, which are you using, an algorithm or a heuristic?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When you solve a long-division problem, which...

Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence

________ is the study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals, especially in natural environments.

_______ is the tendency to solve new problems using procedures that worked before on similar problems.

Hilda, who is 68, is about to take an IQ test, but she is worried because she knows that older people are often assumed to have diminished mental abilities. Hilda is being affected by ___________.

When using the availability heuristic, people tend to judge the probability of an event based on:

One well-known theory of intelligence, the triarchic theory proposed by Robert Sternberg, distinguishes three different aspects of intelligence. Explain each of these aspects in detail.

Which of the following is one of the components in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

Catherine's grandmother says that if Catherine follows the family's traditional recipe for Irish soda bread exactly, then she is sure to have very good results. Catherine's grandmother is encouraging her granddaughter to:

Japanese schoolteachers and students are much more likely than their American counterparts to believe that the secret to doing well in math is working hard.

According to the triarchic theory of intelligence, there are three kinds of intelligence. ________ intelligence refers to the information processing strategies you draw on when you are thinking intelligently about a problem.

________ refers to mental inflexibility, inertia, and obliviousness to the present context.

Prereflective thinkers tend to assume that:

Based on the powers of thought and intelligence, human beings are called homo sapiens, which translates as:

A unit of meaning that is made up of concepts and expresses a single idea is called a:

Propositions represent the relationships of concepts to one another.

Diana and Erin are not able to figure out how they can fit two cupboards, a futon, a computer, and a refrigerator into their small dorm room. Just when it seems hopeless, Erin says, "Aha, I've got it!" and begins moving the items around. Erin's sudden revelation is most likely due to:

The tendency to think, mistakenly, that human beings have nothing in common with other animals is called:

Research on human cognition reveals that not all mental processing is conscious.

When John worries about getting bit by a shark when swimming at the beach, but doesn't worry about getting cancer from the cigarettes he smokes, he is:

_____________ is usually the best approach to problems that have several possible answers that vary in quality.

When you solve a long-division problem, which are you using, an algorithm or a heuristic?