Question 1

________ is an inferred characteristic of an individual, usually defined as the ability to profit from experience, acquire knowledge, think abstractly, act purposefully, or adapt to changes in the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Intelligence 
B)  Dissonance 
C)  Intelligence quotient 
D)  Mental age

Question 2

Logan understands the material in his statistics class, but on tests he spends the entire period on the most difficult problems and never even gets to the problems he can solve easily. Which ingredient of intelligence does he need to improve?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Logan understands the material in his statistics...

Question 3

________ intelligence is the ability to identify your own and other people's emotions accurately, express your emotions clearly, and regulate emotions in yourself and others.

Accepted Answer

A)  Componential 
B)  Emotional 
C)  Contextual 
D)  Experiential

Question 4

Frida is a young child in the process of developing concepts. Which of the following concepts is she most likely to learn first?

Accepted Answer

A)  vehicle 
B)  Honda 
C)  Ford 
D)  car

Question 5

Cognitive ethology is the study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals, especially in natural environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

_______________ intelligence refers to the practical application of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  Creative 
B)  Componential 
C)  Contextual 
D)  Experiential

Question 7

As she moves quietly around the restaurant where she is a waitress, Alicia finds herself hearing "in her mind's ear" the song, "Just Whistle While You Work!" This would be an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  proposition. 
B)  prototype. 
C)  auditory image. 
D)  cognitive schema.

Question 8

According to the triarchic theory of intelligence, there are three kinds of intelligence. ________ intelligence refers to your creativity in transferring skills to new situations.

Accepted Answer

A)  Emotional 
B)  Componential 
C)  Experiential 
D)  Contextual

Question 9

In Chapter 1, we learned that the media and the public persist in equating "psychologist" with "psychotherapist." How does the concept of prototypes, discussed in Chapter 9 (Thinking and Intelligence), help to explain this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Chapter 1, we learned that the...

Question 10

Alfred Binet's insight regarding a method of measuring mental development had an international impact in the twentieth century. Explain how he went about calculating a child's mental abilities. What scoring system did later researchers base on Binet's method, and how was it originally calculated?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alfred Binet's insight regarding a method of...

Question 11

Between World War I and the 1960s, the intelligence tests developed for use in schools favored:

Accepted Answer

A)  white children over nonwhite children. 
B)  rural children over city children. 
C)  poor children over middle-class children. 
D)  extroverted children over introverted children.

Question 12

Which of the following statements defines basic concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are concepts that have a moderate number of instances and that are easier to acquire than those having few or many instances. 
B)  They are especially representative examples of another concept. 
C)  They are integrated mental networks of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations concerning a particular topic or aspect of the world. 
D)  They are made up of other concepts and express a single idea.

Question 13

The original formula for determining IQ had a serious flaw in that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the formula did not make sense for use with adults. 
B)  the formula did not separate the "g factor" from specific abilities. 
C)  it overemphasized performance IQ in the computations. 
D)  it overemphasized verbal IQ in the computations.

Question 14

________ is the knowledge or awareness of one's own cognitive processes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contextual intelligence 
B)  Emotional intelligence 
C)  Metacognition 
D)  Tacit knowledge

Question 15

Are ability to multitask is due, in large part, to our ability to perform ________________ cognitive tasks.

Accepted Answer

A)  conscious 
B)  deliberate 
C)  subconscious 
D)  nonconscious

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true of formal reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  In formal reasoning, the information needed for drawing a conclusion or reaching a solution is specified clearly. 
B)  In formal reasoning, many approaches, viewpoints, or possible solutions may compete, and you may have to decide which one is most "reasonable." 
C)  Formal reasoning involves dialectical reasoning. 
D)  Formal reasoning uses heuristics, or rules of thumb, to try to reach a solution.

Question 17

What was Binet's great insight?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was Binet's great insight?...

Question 18

When Wolfgang Köhler put chimpanzees in situations in which tempting bananas were just out of reach, he found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  almost all of the apes figured out a way to reach the bananas. 
B)  many of the apes showed humanlike emotions and advanced cognitive abilities. 
C)  the apes performed impressive gymnastic maneuvers to get the bananas but did not use tools. 
D)  apes often sat quietly for a while and then seemed to have sudden insight into a solution.

Question 19

________ is a system of beliefs about the way one's own mind and the minds of others work, and of how individuals are affected by their beliefs and feelings.

Accepted Answer

A)  Theory of mind 
B)  Cognitive ethology 
C)  Triarchical intelligence theory 
D)  Anthropomorphism

Question 20

A(n) ________ process occurs outside of conscious awareness, but is accessible to consciousness when necessary.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconscious 
B)  subconscious 
C)  nonconscious 
D)  preconscious

Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence