Question 1

A collection of neurons and supportive tissue running from the base of the brain down the center of the back, protected by a column of bones is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)   spinal cord.
B)   cerebellum.
C)   somatic nervous system.
D)   amygdala. A

Question 2

A brain without a peripheral nervous system would be like a radio without a receiver. Explain what is meant by this analogy.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following key points.
-The peripheral nervous system picks up signals from sensory organs, just as a radio receiver picks up radio waves.
-Without a peripheral nervous system, the brain has no information to work with, just as a radio without a receiver plays only static.

Question 3

An adult brain contains about 100 billion nerve cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Progesterone contributes to the growth and maintenance of the uterine lining in preparation for a fertilized egg.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Many axons, especially the larger ones, are insulated by a surrounding layer of fatty material called the _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   neuromodulator
B)   myelin sheath
C)   dendrite
D)   glia

Question 6

The prefrontal cortex accounts for approximately one-third of the entire cortex in human beings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Glutamate functions as the:

Accepted Answer

A)   neurotransmitter most involved in voluntary movements.
B)   major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
C)   neurotransmitter most responsible for the slowing of intestinal activity during stress.
D)   major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Question 8

A nerve is a bundle of:

Accepted Answer

A)   neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
B)   glial cells in the brain.
C)   axons in the peripheral nervous system.
D)   cell bodies in the brain.

Question 9

_______________ is a recording of neural activity detected by electrodes for studying the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)   TMS
B)   tDCS
C)   EEG
D)   MRI

Question 10

Which of the following includes the nucleus of the neuron, which contains genetic information, and is shaped roughly like a sphere or a pyramid?

Accepted Answer

A)   the axon
B)   the cell body
C)   dendrites
D)   glial cells

Question 11

Which of the following regions contains a speech-production area known as Broca's area?

Accepted Answer

A)   left temporal lobe
B)   left frontal lobe
C)   right frontal lobe
D)   right temporal lobe

Question 12

An adult brain contains about 171 _______________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)   thousand
B)   million
C)   billion
D)   trillion

Question 13

The input and output of the central nervous system is handled by the:

Accepted Answer

A)   lymphatic system.
B)   endocrine system.
C)   cardiovascular system.
D)   peripheral nervous system.

Question 14

When an action potential reaches the end of the axon terminal:

Accepted Answer

A)   the action potential "hops" directly across the synaptic cleft.
B)   it electrically activates the receptor sites.
C)   it causes synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitters.
D)   it reverses direction.

Question 15

In most people, the left cerebral hemisphere of the brain is specialized for reading.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Endorphin levels decrease considerably when an animal or a person is afraid or under stress.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following neurotransmitters affects neurons involved in learning, dreaming, and waking from sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)   serotonin
B)   dopamine
C)   norepinephrine
D)   acetylcholine

Question 18

Why do you immediately pull your hand away from something hot?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do you immediately pull your hand...

Question 19

For years, the conventional assumption in neuroscience had been that neurons in the central nervous system could neither reproduce nor regenerate, but research has proved otherwise. Explain the startling results of studies that have overthrown the conventional wisdom regarding neuronal regeneration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For years, the conventional assumption in neuroscience...

Question 20

Chemical substances secreted by glands, that affect the functioning of bodily organs, are called:

Accepted Answer

A)   endorphins.
B)   neurotransmitters.
C)   hormones.
D)   opioid peptides.

Exam 4: The Brain and Nervous System

A collection of neurons and supportive tissue running from the base of the brain down the center of the back, protected by a column of bones is called the:

A brain without a peripheral nervous system would be like a radio without a receiver. Explain what is meant by this analogy.

An adult brain contains about 100 billion nerve cells.

Progesterone contributes to the growth and maintenance of the uterine lining in preparation for a fertilized egg.

Many axons, especially the larger ones, are insulated by a surrounding layer of fatty material called the _______________.

The prefrontal cortex accounts for approximately one-third of the entire cortex in human beings.

Glutamate functions as the:

A nerve is a bundle of:

_______________ is a recording of neural activity detected by electrodes for studying the brain.

Which of the following includes the nucleus of the neuron, which contains genetic information, and is shaped roughly like a sphere or a pyramid?

Which of the following regions contains a speech-production area known as Broca's area?

An adult brain contains about 171 _______________ cells.

The input and output of the central nervous system is handled by the:

When an action potential reaches the end of the axon terminal:

In most people, the left cerebral hemisphere of the brain is specialized for reading.

Endorphin levels decrease considerably when an animal or a person is afraid or under stress.

Which of the following neurotransmitters affects neurons involved in learning, dreaming, and waking from sleep?

Why do you immediately pull your hand away from something hot?

Chemical substances secreted by glands, that affect the functioning of bodily organs, are called: