Question 1

A substance used to calculate plasma clearance must

Accepted Answer

A)  pass freely through the filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle. 
B)  be readily reabsorbed. 
C)  be either a protein or a polysaccharide. 
D)  be secreted into the nephron. 
E)  be produced in the kidney.

Question 2

Decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure affects renal function by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing net filtration pressure. 
B)  increasing capsular pressure. 
C)  increasing glomerular capillary pressure. 
D)  increasing blood pressure in the afferent arteriole. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 3

The amount of filtrate produced per minute is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal fraction. 
B)  filtration fraction. 
C)  glomerular filtration rate. 
D)  clearance fraction. 
E)  renal rate.

Question 4

-What does "C" on the diagram represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  ureters 
B)  urethra 
C)  right and left kidneys 
D)  adrenal glands 
E)  urinary bladder

Question 5

The tip of each renal pyramid is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a nephron. 
B)  a renal papilla. 
C)  a renal column. 
D)  a medullary ray. 
E)  the apex.

Question 6

-What does "E" on the diagram represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  ureters 
B)  urethra 
C)  right and left kidneys 
D)  adrenal glands 
E)  urinary bladder

Question 7

The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman's capsule is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  vasa recta. 
B)  glomerulus. 
C)  peritubular capillary. 
D)  proximal convoluted capillary. 
E)  efferent arteriole.

Question 8

Hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate by both the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
B)  collecting duct and Bowman's capsule. 
C)  loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle. 
E)  loop of Henle only.

Question 9

Urine concentration and volume depend on water reabsorption in the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  descending loop of Henle. 
C)  ascending loop of Henle. 
D)  distal convoluted tubule only. 
E)  distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.

Question 10

What muscle is responsible for contraction of the urinary bladder during micturition?

Accepted Answer

A)  trigone 
B)  internal urinary sphincter 
C)  micturition mucle 
D)  detrusor muscle

Question 11

Starting from the collecting duct, indicate the order in which urea molecules move to maintain the medullary concentration gradient.
(1) ascending limb
(2) distal convoluted tubule
(3) interstitial fluid
(4) collecting duct
(5) descending limb

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 5, 1, 4, 3 
B)  1, 3, 5, 2, 4 
C)  3, 5, 1, 2, 4 
D)  4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
E)  4, 3, 5, 1, 2

Question 12

Increased secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone results in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased thirst. 
B)  increased urine output. 
C)  increased blood pressure. 
D)  increased osmolality of the extracellular fluid. 
E)  decreased urine output.

Question 13

Why is the external urinary sphincter under conscious control?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is made of smooth muscle. 
B)  It is part of the detrusor muscle. 
C)  It is made of skeletal muscle. 
D)  It is made of adventitia.

Question 14

Angiotensin II

Accepted Answer

A)  is a potent vasodilator. 
B)  stimulates aldosterone secretion. 
C)  is formed from angiotensin I by the action of renin. 
D)  acts on the collecting ducts to increase reabsorption of water. 
E)  decreases blood pressure.

Question 15

Match the term with the appropriate definition.
-filtration

Accepted Answer

A) amount of blood flowing through kidneys per minute 
B) amount of plasma filtered through filtration membrane 
C) movement of plasma across filtration membrane 
D) movement of substances from filtrate back into blood 
E) non-reabsorbed filtrate

Question 16

-The diagram is a sagittal section of the kidney. What does "A" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis 
B)  medulla 
C)  cortex 
D)  renal capsule 
E)  ureter

Question 17

Voluntary micturition

Accepted Answer

A)  involves higher brain centers. 
B)  involves control of the internal sphincter. 
C)  is a reflex action. 
D)  is common in infants. 
E)  involves control of smooth muscle.

Question 18

The total amount of a substance that passes through the filtration membrane into the nephrons each minute is called the ______ ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The total amount of a substance that...

Question 19

Decreased ADH levels results in a urine high in

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium. 
B)  water content. 
C)  glucose content. 
D)  bicarbonate content. 
E)  hydrogen ions.

Question 20

Once inside the cells of the ascending limb, potassium and chloride cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitated diffusion. 
B)  cotransport. 
C)  counter transport. 
D)  active transport. 
E)  simple diffusion.

Exam 26: Urinary System