Question 1

In the early stages of an experiment, several participants discover that they are being deceived. Since the deception is harmless, they decide to play along so as not to embarrass the researcher. Which one of the following terms best describes this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A)  good subject 
B)  deception 
C)  coercion 
D)  sabotage

Question 2

If you wanted to make sure that fingernail biting was a good way to classify your participants regarding their anxiety level by also testing them with the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, you would have used an)

Accepted Answer

A)  validity verification 
B)  generalization evaluation 
C)  manipulation check 
D)  extraneous variable

Question 3

If a researcher is worried that the results of a study done on taboo words in the 1940s might not yield the same results with today's students, the researcher is concerned about

Accepted Answer

A)  Statistical conclusion validity 
B)  External validity 
C)  Internal validity 
D)  Construct validity

Question 4

The strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variable is reflected in the measure of ____________

Accepted Answer

A)  Reliability 
B)  Power 
C)  Effect size 
D)  External validity

Question 5

The extent to which data are shown to be the result of a cause-effect relationship rather than accident reflects the level of

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological validity 
B)  external validity 
C)  statistical conclusion validity 
D)  manipulation check

Question 6

Which one of the following questions does not concern a threat to external validity? Would the same experiment _______

Accepted Answer

A)  conducted at another time produce the same results? 
B)  conducted in another place produce the same results? 
C)  produce the same results if other subjects were used? 
D)  produce the same results if the independent variable were operationalized differently?

Question 7

If an experiment suffers from lack of____________, the experiment may appear to show that the null hypothesis is supported, when in reality, it should be rejected.

Accepted Answer

A)  External validity 
B)  Power 
C)  Ecological validity 
D)  Reliability

Question 8

Marie is a participant in an experiment on food preferences. She has a habit of eating her fish sandwiches with coleslaw, cocktail sauce, and peanut butter on them on them. When asked about her preferences in eating fish, she doesn't mention all of the condiments that she uses. Marie is showing

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluation apprehension 
B)  maturation 
C)  selection bias 
D)  good-subject tendency

Question 9

Any bias in selecting subjects for an experiment threatens the _____________ of the experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal validity 
B)  internal reliability 
C)  statistical validity 
D)  statistical reliability

Question 10

In a study of social interaction in mixed-gender groups, a researcher unconsciously treats women participants differently from the men participants when he reads them the instructions for the experiment. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluation apprehension 
B)  role demands 
C)  experimenter bias 
D)  selection bias

Question 11

A change in behavior simply as a result of earlier experience in the study is a threat to _________validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  construct 
D)  statistical

Question 12

Ruling out alternative theoretical explanations of results is the concern of ______ validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  construct 
C)  external 
D)  statistical

Question 13

The assumption that poverty causes level of performance in school suffers from

Accepted Answer

A)  Problems in statistical construct validity 
B)  Ambiguous temporal precedence 
C)  Problems with maturation 
D)  Problems with history

Question 14

A researcher designs a study to assess the effects of individual versus group practice on problem-solving achievement of fifth-grade children. Two teachers in an inner city elementary school volunteer to participate in the study and decide to use the classes that they are already teaching. The teachers decide between themselves which method, either the individual or group method, their students will use. After a 10 week period, a problem solving test is administered to the children. Discuss the threats to internal and external validity in this study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher designs a study to assess...

Question 15

The basic idea of validity is that conclusions based on research are)

Accepted Answer

A)  statistically reliable 
B)  free of experimenter bias 
C)  correspond to the actual conditions of the world 
D)  support the researchers hypothesises)

Question 16

If a researcher asks, "Can we be sure that the observed relationship between the independent and dependent variables represents a true cause-effect relationship and is not due to chance?" then the researcher is concerned about ________ validity

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  construct 
C)  external 
D)  statistical conclusion

Question 17

If a researcher finds a result in a laboratory setting but not in a real world setting, the finding

Accepted Answer

A)  lacks statistical validity 
B)  lacks ecological validity 
C)  lacks internal validity 
D)  cannot be published

Question 18

Confounding is a threat to ________ validity

Accepted Answer