Question 1

After a stroke,a patient appears to be unable to understand words spoken to her.The patient can produce speech but cannot seem to comprehend it.What is a likely explanation for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A) damage to the auditory cortex 
B) damage to Broca's area 
C) damage to Wernicke's area 
D) damage to the motor cortex

Question 2

Use the following to answer questions :
Scenario I
The scenario is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study:
Caspi,A. ,Sugden,K. ,Moffitt,T.E. ,Taylor,A. ,Craig,I.W. ,Harrington,H. ,McClay,J. ,Mill,J. ,Martin,J. ,Braithwaite,A. ,& Poulton,R.(2003).Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene.Science,301(5631),386-389.
The serotonin transporter gene codes for the serotonin transporter,a protein that transports serotonin from the synapse to the presynaptic neuron.Several polymorphisms of the gene exist,including a "short" (s)and a "long" (l)variation.As humans receive one copy of the gene from each parent,people can be grouped into three groups based on this genetic variation: s/s (two copies of the short gene),s/l,and l/l.Caspi et al.(2003)interviewed participants in each of these groups and asked them a wide range of questions to determine both the degree of exposure to stress and the number of depressive episodes participants had experienced in their lives.Fabricated results consistent with their major findings are shown in Figure 3.1.
Figure 3.1 
-(Scenario I)Which statement is NOT true about the relationship between genetic variation and depression under conditions of high stress?

Accepted Answer

A) Persons in the s/s group were more likely to experience a depressive episode than were those in the other two groups. 
B) Persons in the l/l group seem to have been protected from experiencing a depressive episode relative to the other groups. 
C) The vulnerability for depression increased with increases in life stress for all groups. 
D) A gene × environment interaction was observed.

Question 3

Electrically stimulating a certain region of the hypothalamus produces feelings of intense pleasure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which hindbrain structure is involved in correct finger placement when learning guitar chords?

Accepted Answer

A) the pons 
B) the medulla 
C) the cerebellum 
D) the reticular formation

Question 5

When a patient has multiple sclerosis,the patient cannot easily transmit information from neuron to neuron,which leads to difficulties with movement.The transmission of neurons is slowed down as a result of a deteriorating:

Accepted Answer

A) axon. 
B) synapse. 
C) myelin sheath. 
D) cell body.

Question 6

Which statement regarding bipolar cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) They are a type of interneuron. 
B) They have two axons. 
C) They are involved in vision. 
D) They are located in the cerebellum.

Question 7

The _____ receives sensory information from the ears based on the frequencies of sounds.

Accepted Answer

A) somatosensory cortex 
B) parietal lobe 
C) primary auditory cortex 
D) occipital lobe

Question 8

The basal ganglia send outputs to motor centres in the:

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus. 
B) hippocampus. 
C) cerebral cortex. 
D) brainstem.

Question 9

After his corpus callosum was severed to treat a seizure disorder,Phineas Gage experienced a progressive decline in personality and emotional stability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord is termed the:

Accepted Answer

A) occipital lobe. 
B) hindbrain. 
C) cerebral cortex. 
D) hypothalamus.

Question 11

A split-brain patient is shown the word pen only in her right visual field.That patient will be able to:

Accepted Answer

A) state that she just saw the word pen. 
B) write the word pen with her left hand. 
C) reach behind a screen with her left hand and choose a pen from a group of distractor objects. 
D) draw a picture of a pen with her left hand.

Question 12

The amygdala is involved in attaching emotional significance to events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A split-brain patient is shown the word lockbox,with lock in the left visual field and box in the right visual field.The patient is then asked to draw a picture of the word that she just saw using only her left hand.She will draw a picture of a:

Accepted Answer

A) box with a lock on it. 
B) box. 
C) lock. 
D) key.

Question 14

If shown the word dog in their left visual field,split-brain patients would have no problem drawing a picture of what they just saw with their left hand.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

As the heritability index for a particular behaviour decreases:

Accepted Answer

A) nature becomes more important than nurture. 
B) the rate of DNA methylation decreases. 
C) epigenetics plays less of a factor as a determinant of gene expression. 
D) genes explain less of the individual differences in that behavioural trait.

Question 16

The functions of which lobe of the cerebral cortex truly set humans apart from other animals?

Accepted Answer

A) occipital 
B) frontal 
C) parietal 
D) temporal

Question 17

When a neuron is at rest,the plasma membrane allows the unrestricted flow of _____ ions.

Accepted Answer

A) potassium 
B) sodium 
C) large protein 
D) chlorine

Question 18

Someone with damage to his or her hippocampus may:

Accepted Answer

A) move jerkily. 
B) not be able to form new memories. 
C) not exhibit emotion. 
D) not be able to regulate his or her body temperature.

Question 19

In a series of studies by Meaney and colleagues,rat pups were randomly assigned to be raised by surrogate mothers who spent a lot of time licking and grooming (high LG)them or surrogate mothers who spent little time engaging in this behaviour (low LG).Rat pups raised by low-LG surrogates grow up to be _____ fearful in novel situations,which can be attributed to a(n)_____ in DNA methylation.

Accepted Answer

A) less;increase 
B) less;decrease 
C) more;increase 
D) more;decrease

Question 20

Low levels of dopamine have been linked to schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

After a stroke,a patient appears to be unable to understand words spoken to her.The patient can produce speech but cannot seem to comprehend it.What is a likely explanation for these symptoms?

Electrically stimulating a certain region of the hypothalamus produces feelings of intense pleasure.

Which hindbrain structure is involved in correct finger placement when learning guitar chords?

When a patient has multiple sclerosis,the patient cannot easily transmit information from neuron to neuron,which leads to difficulties with movement.The transmission of neurons is slowed down as a result of a deteriorating:

Which statement regarding bipolar cells is TRUE?

The _____ receives sensory information from the ears based on the frequencies of sounds.

The basal ganglia send outputs to motor centres in the:

After his corpus callosum was severed to treat a seizure disorder,Phineas Gage experienced a progressive decline in personality and emotional stability.

The area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord is termed the:

A split-brain patient is shown the word pen only in her right visual field.That patient will be able to:

The amygdala is involved in attaching emotional significance to events.

A split-brain patient is shown the word lockbox,with lock in the left visual field and box in the right visual field.The patient is then asked to draw a picture of the word that she just saw using only her left hand.She will draw a picture of a:

If shown the word dog in their left visual field,split-brain patients would have no problem drawing a picture of what they just saw with their left hand.

As the heritability index for a particular behaviour decreases:

The functions of which lobe of the cerebral cortex truly set humans apart from other animals?

When a neuron is at rest,the plasma membrane allows the unrestricted flow of _____ ions.

Someone with damage to his or her hippocampus may:

Low levels of dopamine have been linked to schizophrenia.