Question 1

Sylvia has been learning about animals in kindergarten.The class does a worksheet in which the students must put different animals into categories like zoo animals and pets.If Sylvia is able to do this,it is because she has created a mental framework about animals called a/an

Accepted Answer

A)  schema. 
B)  rote. 
C)  mnemonic. 
D)  icon.

Question 2

Betsy went to a restaurant last night with friends.Though she had never been to this particular restaurant,she knew how to be seated,order,eat,and pay the bill.Betsy has a/an ______________ for going to restaurants.

Accepted Answer

A)  schema 
B)  photographic memory 
C)  sensory memory 
D)  mnemonic

Question 3

Nolen is buying discount DVDs,but he doesn't want to spend more than $50.He quickly adds up the prices of the DVDs he's holding,using his _______________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  iconic 
B)  procedural 
C)  working 
D)  echoic

Question 4

When Saffron says "frog prince," Annalise thinks "princess," "castle," and "forest." Saffron's words activated concepts already in Annalise's mind,a process referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  concepting. 
B)  encoding. 
C)  priming. 
D)  rehearsal.

Question 5

Rosa is trying to memorize her school ID number.She is having trouble,because the number is 12 digits long.What would best help Rosa learn the number?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repeat the digits over and over again to herself. 
B)  Say the digits out loud. 
C)  Chunk digits together. 
D)  Read the digits to a friend.

Question 6

People with retrograde amnesia have problems with __________________ of information,while people with anterograde amnesia have problems with ______________ of information.

Accepted Answer

A)  storing;encoding 
B)  retrieval;encoding 
C)  retrieval;recognition 
D)  encoding;retrieval

Question 7

Cailean has always wished that she had a "photographic memory." She sits on the steps of one of the academic buildings and watches the people.Sometimes she closes her eyes and tries to recall everything about what she was seeing.Each time,though,the memory quickly seems to dissolve.In what kind of memory is the visual information stored while it lasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  iconic 
B)  echoic 
C)  code 
D)  display

Question 8

Jen's dad sends her to the grocery store for a few last-minute dinner items.Jen repeats the list of ten items as she walks to the store but can remember only the first and last three items when she gets there-she is unable to remember the four in the middle.Why did she forget the four items in the middle of the list?

Accepted Answer

A)  The items were probably vegetables,since research shows that vegetable names are difficult for most people to remember. 
B)  Exercise tends to degrade information if it has just been learned. 
C)  Because her father gave her the list all at once,Jen wasn't able to hold each item in her short-term memory long enough to encode it for long-term storage. 
D)  The four middle items never entered her sensory memory.

Question 9

Yuriko is testifying in a court case.After she finishes recounting what she saw to the jury,the attorney asks her how certain she is that her testimony is accurate.She says that she is 99 percent sure.Haroun is also testifying,and when he has told his version of the story,the attorney asks him how sure he is that his memory is accurate.He says that he is 75 percent sure.Based solely on this information,the jury chooses to believe Yariko and not Haroun.Are they correct to do so?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes,because confidence is always associated with accuracy. 
B)  Yes,because women's memories tend to be more accurate than men's. 
C)  No,because men's memories tend to be more accurate than women's. 
D)  No,because confidence and accuracy are only weakly related.

Question 10

Most people remember where they were,what they were doing,and who they were with when they learned of the September 11,2001,terrorist attacks.This type of vivid,emotionally charged memory is called a _______________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  primed 
B)  flashbulb 
C)  parallel 
D)  sensory

Question 11

If I say the words ghost,toast,and roast,then ask you to name a word that begins with M,you would probably say most.This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  priming task. 
B)  procedural memory. 
C)  networking task. 
D)  parallel model.

Question 12

Toby and Karen just met their new neighbour,Justine.Toby repeats Justine's name over and over to remember it.Meanwhile,Karen notes that Justine is leaving "just in time" to get dinner on the table.The following day,who is more likely to recall the neighbour's name and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toby,because it is easier for a man to remember a woman's name than vice versa. 
B)  Toby,because rote rehearsal is the most effective way to encode information. 
C)  Neither is more likely than the other to remember Justine's name. 
D)  Karen,because she encoded the name by elaborating on it with other information.

Question 13

Mnemonists are people who display extraordinary memory skills.Xhosa would like to learn to remember things better,so she buys a book on improving her memory.Assuming that the book was written by a legitimate memory expert,what can Xhosa expect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extraordinary memory skills are completely innate,so it's little use for her to try to improve her memory. 
B)  Experts agree that memory skills can be learned,so if Xhosa works hard she can have an astonishing memory. 
C)  Xhosa will improve her memory skills only if she relies on rote memorization. 
D)  Experts disagree on whether exceptional memory skills are influenced by genetics or are completely learned,so without knowing more about Xhosa,we can't say.

Question 14

If we compare the three-stage model of memory to a computer's processes,we can say that the RAM in a computer,that is,the "mental workspace," is like our

Accepted Answer

A)  procedural memory. 
B)  declarative memory. 
C)  working memory. 
D)  iconic memory.

Question 15

As Yvonne learns her spelling words,she creates a visual image of the object each word represents.According to _____________________,she will be better able to remember the words than if she had just read them to herself.

Accepted Answer

A)  vocal training theory 
B)  chunking theory 
C)  maintenance rehearsal theory 
D)  dual coding theory

Question 16

Amadi remembers learning to ride a bike,including his feeling of pride when he was finally able to stay upright without any help.For Amadi,this is a/an ______________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  episodic 
B)  semantic 
C)  procedural 
D)  network

Question 17

Because long-term memory's capacity is so large,we must organize the concepts or "files" we keep there.Our mental network or filing system of associated ideas and concepts is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a mnemonic. 
B)  working memory. 
C)  procedural memory. 
D)  an associative network.

Question 18

Sandy has a friend named Judy.She meets a woman at a party named Julie.To her embarrassment,now every time she sees Julie,she calls her Judy.Sandy is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  memory decay. 
B)  motivated forgetting. 
C)  proactive interference. 
D)  retroactive interference.

Question 19

When asked to explain how a bill becomes a law in history class,Eric must rely on

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit memory. 
B)  iconic memory. 
C)  procedural memory. 
D)  semantic memory.

Question 20

Peter is studying for the college entrance exam in a quiet corner of the library at a desk with good overhead lighting.Winona studies for the entrance exam lying on her bed with music and the television on.If Peter and Winona are of comparable intelligence and have studied for the same amount of time,who will probably do better on the exam?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peter,because he is studying in an environment similar to the one in which he will take the test. 
B)  Winona,because music stimulates the neurons that help us remember. 
C)  Peter,because men's memories tend to be more accurate than women's. 
D)  Winona,because women's memories tend to be more accurate than men's.

Exam 8: Memory