Question 1

About 3-5% of school-aged children are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).This neurobehavioral problem is anatomically linked,primarily,to which area of dysfunction in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  basal nuclei 
B)  pituitary gland 
C)  prefrontal cerebral cortex 
D)  both basal nuclei and pituitary gland 
E)  both basal nuclei and prefrontal cerebral cortex

Question 2

Tolerance to drugs that are neurotransmitter agonists is thought to involve increased release of the neurotransmitter in response to the drug.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Working memory is labile and can be lost in response to any condition that interrupts electrical activity of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Anterograde amnesia is associated with damage to all of the following structures of the brain,except

Accepted Answer

A)  thalamus. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  limbic system. 
D)  corpus callosum. 
E)  hippocampus.

Question 5

Pulsate secretion of growth hormone is descriptive of or occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-wave sleep. 
B)  paradoxical sleep. 
C)  both slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep. 
D)  neither slow-wave sleep nor paradoxical sleep.

Question 6

Dreaming is descriptive of or occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-wave sleep. 
B)  paradoxical sleep. 
C)  both slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep. 
D)  neither slow-wave sleep nor paradoxical sleep.

Question 7

Memory consolidation probably occurs via an increase in the effectiveness of existing synapses and also via formation of new ones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The right side of the brain is specialized for identifying visual patterns and three-dimensional objects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Regarding psychoactive drugs,

Accepted Answer

A)  both the phenomenon of "tolerance" to and the symptoms of "withdrawal" from a psychoactive drug can be explained by the positive feedback effect of the drug on the production of the endogenous neurotransmitter/neuromodulator for which the drug is an agonist. 
B) Only drugs that bind to endorphin/enkephalin receptors are described as "psychoactive." 
C)  use of psychoactive drugs may result in physical dependence upon them. 
D)  both "the phenomenon of 'tolerance' to and the symptoms of 'withdrawal' from a psychoactive drug can be explained by the positive feedback effect of the drug on the production of the endogenous neurotransmitter/neuromodulator for which the drug is an agonist" and "only drugs that bind to endorphin/enkephalin receptors are described as 'psychoactive'" are correct. 
E)  both "the phenomenon of 'tolerance' to and the symptoms of 'withdrawal' from a psychoactive drug can be explained by the positive feedback effect of the drug on the production of the endogenous neurotransmitter/neuromodulator for which the drug is an agonist" and "use of psychoactive drugs may result in physical dependence upon them" are correct.

Question 10

A brain structure thought to be involved in dependence upon certain euphorigenic drugs is the nucleus accumbens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

An electroencephalogram

Accepted Answer

A)  is a record of action potentials in the brain. 
B)  records the potential difference between two points on the scalp's surface. 
C)  is a pattern of complex waves with amplitudes similar to those of action potentials. 
D)  is both is a record of action potentials in the brain and records the potential difference between two points on the scalp's surface. 
E)  all of these are correct: "records the potential difference between two points on the scalp's surface","is a record of action potentials in the brain",and "records the potential difference between two points on the scalp's surface" are correct

Question 12

Habituation to a stimulus

Accepted Answer

A)  is due to receptor fatigue. 
B)  is a result of decreased neurotransmitter release secondary to decreased calcium influx at synaptic terminals. 
C)  can be overcome by a stronger stimulus of the same type. 
D)  both "is due to receptor fatigue" and "can be overcome by a stronger stimulus of the same type" are correct. 
E)  both "is a result of decreased neurotransmitter release secondary to decreased calcium influx at synaptic terminals" and "can be overcome by a stronger stimulus of the same type" are correct.

Question 13

In sleep apnea

Accepted Answer

A)  a person with the disorder experiences symptoms of sleep deprivation. 
B)  periodic bouts of respiratory failure are experienced throughout the night. 
C)  slow-wave and REM sleep predominate in sleep cycling. 
D)  seriously low blood O2 levels result. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

Selective attention is facilitated,enhanced and improved by way of the _____ of the brain stem,which acts as the origin point of neurons which project to the cerebral cortex and release ________ neurotransmitter(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  pons,acetylcholine 
B)  basal nuclei,dopamine 
C)  hypothalamus,serotonin 
D)  locus coeruleus,norepinephrine 
E)  thalamus,melatonin

Question 15

The mood disorders are primarily disturbances of thought processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Retrograde amnesia associated with a traumatic head injury can be directly related to the loss of memories considered as both short-term and long-term,including any events immediately related to the trauma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Stressful situations are likely to be remembered in striking detail in part because of the hormones released as a result of the stress.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following best explains how the phenomenon of "tolerance" develops with use of psychoactive drugs over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychoactive drugs can alter blood flow to the brain. 
B)  Psychoactive drugs often produce euphoria. 
C)  Psychoactive drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  Psychoactive drugs can inhibit production of endogenous neurotransmitters. 
E)  Psychoactive drugs can up-regulate receptors for endogenous neurotransmitters.

Question 19

Schizophrenia is most strongly associated with excessive production of or sensitivity to

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine. 
B)  acetylcholine. 
C)  norepinephrine. 
D)  enkephalin. 
E)  lithium carbonate.

Question 20

Regarding psychoactive drugs,

Accepted Answer

A)  they can be taken to relieve altered states of consciousness. 
B)  they can be taken to experience altered states of consciousness. 
C)  they may stimulate neuronal activity in the "reward" areas of the brain. 
D)  both "they can be taken to experience altered states of consciousness" and "they may stimulate neuronal activity in the 'reward' areas of the brain" are correct. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Exam 8: Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

About 3-5% of school-aged children are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) .This neurobehavioral problem is anatomically linked,primarily,to which area of dysfunction in the brain?

Tolerance to drugs that are neurotransmitter agonists is thought to involve increased release of the neurotransmitter in response to the drug.

Working memory is labile and can be lost in response to any condition that interrupts electrical activity of the brain.

Anterograde amnesia is associated with damage to all of the following structures of the brain,except

Pulsate secretion of growth hormone is descriptive of or occurs during

Dreaming is descriptive of or occurs during

Memory consolidation probably occurs via an increase in the effectiveness of existing synapses and also via formation of new ones.

The right side of the brain is specialized for identifying visual patterns and three-dimensional objects.

Regarding psychoactive drugs,

A brain structure thought to be involved in dependence upon certain euphorigenic drugs is the nucleus accumbens.

An electroencephalogram

Habituation to a stimulus

In sleep apnea

Selective attention is facilitated,enhanced and improved by way of the _ of the brain stem,which acts as the origin point of neurons which project to the cerebral cortex and release ____ neurotransmitter(s) .

The mood disorders are primarily disturbances of thought processes.

Retrograde amnesia associated with a traumatic head injury can be directly related to the loss of memories considered as both short-term and long-term,including any events immediately related to the trauma.

Stressful situations are likely to be remembered in striking detail in part because of the hormones released as a result of the stress.

Which of the following best explains how the phenomenon of "tolerance" develops with use of psychoactive drugs over time?

Schizophrenia is most strongly associated with excessive production of or sensitivity to

Regarding psychoactive drugs,

Exam 8: Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

About 3-5% of school-aged children are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) .This neurobehavioral problem is anatomically linked,primarily,to which area of dysfunction in the brain?

Tolerance to drugs that are neurotransmitter agonists is thought to involve increased release of the neurotransmitter in response to the drug.

Working memory is labile and can be lost in response to any condition that interrupts electrical activity of the brain.

Anterograde amnesia is associated with damage to all of the following structures of the brain,except

Pulsate secretion of growth hormone is descriptive of or occurs during

Dreaming is descriptive of or occurs during

Memory consolidation probably occurs via an increase in the effectiveness of existing synapses and also via formation of new ones.

The right side of the brain is specialized for identifying visual patterns and three-dimensional objects.

Regarding psychoactive drugs,

A brain structure thought to be involved in dependence upon certain euphorigenic drugs is the nucleus accumbens.

An electroencephalogram

Habituation to a stimulus

In sleep apnea

Selective attention is facilitated,enhanced and improved by way of the _____ of the brain stem,which acts as the origin point of neurons which project to the cerebral cortex and release ________ neurotransmitter(s) .

The mood disorders are primarily disturbances of thought processes.

Retrograde amnesia associated with a traumatic head injury can be directly related to the loss of memories considered as both short-term and long-term,including any events immediately related to the trauma.

Stressful situations are likely to be remembered in striking detail in part because of the hormones released as a result of the stress.

Which of the following best explains how the phenomenon of "tolerance" develops with use of psychoactive drugs over time?

Schizophrenia is most strongly associated with excessive production of or sensitivity to

Regarding psychoactive drugs,

Selective attention is facilitated,enhanced and improved by way of the _ of the brain stem,which acts as the origin point of neurons which project to the cerebral cortex and release ____ neurotransmitter(s) .