Question 1

Psychological research indicates that death-qualified jurors are

Accepted Answer

A)  more concerned about crime. 
B)  more skeptical of civil liberties that protect the rights of the accused. 
C)  more likely to convict the suspect. 
D)  All of the above are true of death-qualified jurors. D

Question 2

Jason has undergone death qualification and is now serving on a jury, whereas David was excluded from the jury because he was unwilling to vote for the death penalty.Jason is probably more concerned about crime in general, and more likely to find the suspect guilty, than David.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Research conducted by Hastie, Penrod, and Pennington tested whether juries deliberated cases differently based on whether they had to reach a unanimous decision or a majority decision.What did this research show?

Accepted Answer

A)  There were no differences in how juries deliberated, whether they had to reach unanimity or not. 
B)  Juries who had to reach a unanimous decision deliberated longer than those who had to reach only a majority decision. 
C)  Juries who had to reach a majority decision deliberated longer than those who had to reach a unanimous decision. 
D)  Juries who had a reach a majority decision were unable to reach a final verdict. B

Question 4

The textbook describes research conducted by Loftus and colleagues in which participants were shown pictures of an automobile accident and were asked questions about the pictures.Some participants were asked questions that were consistent with what they actually saw, but some participants were asked misleading questions.Which of the following best describes the results of this research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most participants correctly remembered the pictures, no matter what kinds of questions they were asked. 
B)  All participants had difficulty correctly remembering the pictures, no matter what kinds of questions they were asked. 
C)  The misleading questions impaired participants' ability to recall the pictures correctly. 
D)  The misleading questions affected memory only in participants younger than 10 years of age.

Question 5

The goal of the _____________ motive is to punish the deed that was committed; the goal of the _________________ motive is to prevent future crimes.

Accepted Answer

A)  deterrence; just deserts 
B)  attribution; deterrence 
C)  just deserts; deterrence 
D)  just deserts; compensatory

Question 6

Eyewitness errors have been found to be involved in more than _____________ of cases of wrongful convictions.

Accepted Answer

A)  50 percent 
B)  25 percent 
C)  75 percent 
D)  90 percent

Question 7

People who are given harsher punishments are more likely to feel that the criminal justice system is unfair and give lower ratings of procedural justice.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Damages that represent the amount the plaintiff should receive to cover any loss or harm sustained are called ______________ damages, whereas damages that are intended to deter the defendant from being negligent in the future are called _______________ damages.

Accepted Answer

A)  compensatory; punitive 
B)  punitive; compensatory 
C)  punitive; reward 
D)  reward; retaliation

Question 9

Research has shown that merely hearing the questions typically asked in the death-qualification part of jury selection tends to bias potential jurors toward conviction, because

Accepted Answer

A)  those jurors are already biased toward conviction before they begin the death-qualification process. 
B)  the death-qualification questions contain misleading information about the suspect, which changes jurors' opinions. 
C)  the death-qualification questions contain an implication of guilt, so the jurors are biased into thinking of the suspects as guilty. 
D)  the death-qualification questions weed out jurors who can be fair, leaving only biased jurors.

Question 10

The portion of a trial in U.S.courts in which potential jurors are questioned and a jury is selected is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  scientific jury selection. 
B)  the voir dire. 
C)  decision rules. 
D)  habeas corpus.

Question 11

In cases in which defendants are convicted and later proved innocent by DNA tests, as many as ________________ had falsely confessed to the crime.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-half 
B)  one-quarter 
C)  three-fourths 
D)  one-fifth

Question 12

Loftus and Pickrell persuaded the family members of college students to tell stories about when their student relative was five years old, including one "story" that was actually fake and never really happened.How did the students respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  All the students were able to distinguish between the true stories and the fake one. 
B)  About 25 percent of the students "recalled" the fake event. 
C)  Students who were more suggestible "recalled" the fake event. 
D)  About 90 percent of the students "recalled" the fake event.

Question 13

Sheila, an attorney, worries that she will be unable to pick good jurors.Instead, she hires a specialist to conduct surveys and compile statistics on what demographic qualities of jurors might predict support for her client.Sheila is using ________________ to pick her jury.

Accepted Answer

A)  scientific jury selection 
B)  peremptory challenges 
C)  logic 
D)  partiality testing

Question 14

The social psychologist Tom Tyler identified three factors that shape our sense of procedural justice.Which of the following is NOT one of those three factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  the neutrality of the authority figure 
B)  trust in the system 
C)  being treated with respect 
D)  the magnitude of the punishment

Question 15

People's assessments of the fairness of processes leading to legal outcomes are called

Accepted Answer

A)  retribution perceptions. 
B)  procedural justice. 
C)  legal justice. 
D)  bias perceptions.

Question 16

Social scientists have differentiated two motives that determine preferences for different kinds of punishment.These motives are:

Accepted Answer

A)  just deserts and deterrence 
B)  deterrence and punitive 
C)  compensatory and punitive 
D)  just deserts and eye-for-an-eye

Question 17

Most jurors are accurate at recognizing whether a confession is real or fake.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Accurate eyewitnesses are generally more confident than inaccurate ones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Research shows that jurors make decisions about awarding punitive damages by first consulting their sense of outrage over what happened.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

We should be careful about always trusting eyewitness accounts, because memory is

Accepted Answer

A)  an active, constructive process that can be affected by all kinds of information. 
B)  often incorrect, particularly in children. 
C)  a registry of the information that a person has encountered. 
D)  usually reliable, except in people with mental illness.

Exam 18: Social Psychology and the Law

Psychological research indicates that death-qualified jurors are

Jason has undergone death qualification and is now serving on a jury, whereas David was excluded from the jury because he was unwilling to vote for the death penalty.Jason is probably more concerned about crime in general, and more likely to find the suspect guilty, than David.

Research conducted by Hastie, Penrod, and Pennington tested whether juries deliberated cases differently based on whether they had to reach a unanimous decision or a majority decision.What did this research show?

The goal of the _ motive is to punish the deed that was committed; the goal of the _____ motive is to prevent future crimes.

Eyewitness errors have been found to be involved in more than _____________ of cases of wrongful convictions.

People who are given harsher punishments are more likely to feel that the criminal justice system is unfair and give lower ratings of procedural justice.

Damages that represent the amount the plaintiff should receive to cover any loss or harm sustained are called damages, whereas damages that are intended to deter the defendant from being negligent in the future are called _ damages.

Research has shown that merely hearing the questions typically asked in the death-qualification part of jury selection tends to bias potential jurors toward conviction, because

The portion of a trial in U.S.courts in which potential jurors are questioned and a jury is selected is known as

In cases in which defendants are convicted and later proved innocent by DNA tests, as many as ________________ had falsely confessed to the crime.

Loftus and Pickrell persuaded the family members of college students to tell stories about when their student relative was five years old, including one "story" that was actually fake and never really happened.How did the students respond?

Sheila, an attorney, worries that she will be unable to pick good jurors.Instead, she hires a specialist to conduct surveys and compile statistics on what demographic qualities of jurors might predict support for her client.Sheila is using ________________ to pick her jury.

The social psychologist Tom Tyler identified three factors that shape our sense of procedural justice.Which of the following is NOT one of those three factors?

People's assessments of the fairness of processes leading to legal outcomes are called

Social scientists have differentiated two motives that determine preferences for different kinds of punishment.These motives are:

Most jurors are accurate at recognizing whether a confession is real or fake.

Accurate eyewitnesses are generally more confident than inaccurate ones.

Research shows that jurors make decisions about awarding punitive damages by first consulting their sense of outrage over what happened.

We should be careful about always trusting eyewitness accounts, because memory is