Question 1

Individualism is

Accepted Answer

A)  the concept of giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and dealing one's identity in terms of personal attributions rather than group identifications.
B)  the concept of giving in to somebody else's goals over individual goals and dealing with one's identity in terms of group identification rather than personal attributions.
C)  identification with one's country.
D)  identification with two or more people. A

Question 2

Research on self-knowledge suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  you are the best judge of how your romantic relationship will turn out.
B)  your mother is a better judge than you of how your romantic relationship will turn out.
C)  your romantic partner is the best judge of how your romantic relationship will turn out.
D)  your landlord is the best judge of how your romantic relationship will turn out. B

Question 3

Langer and Rodin found that nursing home residents improved in alertness,activity,and happiness if they were

Accepted Answer

A)  cared for by professionals who met all their needs.
B)  cared for by affectionate,sympathetic volunteers.
C)  periodically transported to visit close friends and relatives.
D)  asked to make personal choices and given responsibilities to fulfill. D

Question 4

People are more satisfied with their choice if they are given a lot of options.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Peetz and Buehler (2009)discovered that students

Accepted Answer

A)  underestimate their spending for the week even if they have evidence of overspending the week before.
B)  overestimate their spending for the week even if they have evidence of overspending the week before.
C)  underestimate their spending for the week even if they have evidence of saving from the week before.
D)  are good at predicting how much money they will spend in a week.

Question 6

What mechanism anticipates problems and motivates effective coping?

Accepted Answer

A)  Defensive pessimism
B)  Offensive pessimism
C)  Defensive optimism
D)  Offensive optimism

Question 7

Your description of what qualities encompass who you are defines your

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem.
B)  possible self.
C)  self-concept.
D)  social identity.

Question 8

Tomorrow morning Harry Smith has an interview that will determine whether he will be accepted into medical school.Rather than getting a good night's sleep,he is going to an all-night party with his friends.From the material presented in the text,which of the following may best describe Harry's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Harry unconsciously hopes he is not accepted into medical school.
B)  Harry is making the fundamental attribution error.
C)  Harry is engaging in self-handicapping.
D)  Harry shares with his friends a sense of collective efficacy.

Question 9

After moving into a nursing home and experiencing little control over his daily schedule,Mr.Roark became apathetic,stopped eating,and even seemed to lose the will to live.Mr.Roark's reaction most clearly illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  learned helplessness.
B)  the interdependent self.
C)  self-handicapping.
D)  internal locus of control.

Question 10

According to the text,high self-esteem can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  initiative,resilience,and pleasant feelings.
B)  making more money,depression,and abusing drugs.
C)  a happy adulthood.
D)  making less money,depression,and abusing drugs.

Question 11

Given that every time he falls in love with a woman he gets dumped no matter how hard he tries to please her,John has decided not to get involved in any love relationships with women.John's behaviour most clearly demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  self-serving bias.
B)  unrealistic optimism.
C)  learned helplessness.
D)  a self-monitoring tendency.

Question 12

Experimental participants guessed answers to very difficult aptitude questions and were told they had done well.While they still felt lucky,they were given a choice of drugs to take before answering the remaining questions.Most chose to take the drug they believed would

Accepted Answer

A)  improve their intellectual functioning.
B)  disrupt their thinking.
C)  reduce anxiety.
D)  keep them awake and alert.

Question 13

Why might a large-scale survey NOT be the best method for a social psychologist to study self-knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is too difficult to achieve a truly representative sample.
B)  One cannot reach cause-and-effect conclusions through survey research.
C)  It is impossible to measure a person's self-knowledge.
D)  Self-report data are often unreliable.

Question 14

Tom thinks very highly of himself and does not seem to value relationships with others.Which of the following statements is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tom has low self-esteem.
B)  Tom is narcissistic.
C)  Tom is not self-centred.
D)  Tom is shy.

Question 15

Which of the following groups tend to define themselves more in terms of their group identity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Americans
B)  Japanese
C)  Australians
D)  British

Question 16

We come to know ourselves in part by looking at others and evaluating our abilities and opinions in light of others around us.This process is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  social comparison.
B)  social identity.
C)  the self-reference effect.
D)  self-esteem.

Question 17

Research suggests that people maintain a positive view of themselves by downplaying (disparaging)their

Accepted Answer

A)  distant past selves and complimenting their recent past selves.
B)  recent past selves and complimenting their distant past selves.
C)  distant past selves and disparaging their future selves.
D)  present selves and complimenting their past selves.

Question 18

Which statement is NOT reflective of Western culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I did it my way."
B)  "I gotta be me."
C)  "I should respect and follow my parents' values."
D)  "The greatest love of all is loving oneself."

Question 19

Treating ourselves with kindness is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  self-monitoring
B)  self-promotion
C)  self-compassion
D)  self-guarding

Question 20

Brian watches smugly as the car ahead of his is pulled over for speeding.Although he has just slowed his vehicle to the speed limit,he considers himself the "only one on the road" who is obeying the speed limit.Brian's thinking most clearly reflects

Accepted Answer

A)  the false uniqueness effect.
B)  the false consensus effect.
C)  the self-serving bias.
D)  the self-handicapping effect.

Exam 2: The Self in a Social World