Question 1

African American participants at time 1 scored lower on a difficult verbal test than White participants.At time 2,this racial difference disappeared.What did participants experience between time 1 and time 2?

Accepted Answer

A) A study period to review the material 
B) Exposure to the achievements of President Obama 
C) Exposure to examples of famous white people failing at a similar test 
D) 10 minutes of meditation and self-affirmation 
E) Self-esteem training

Question 2

People tend to describe themselves in different ways under different circumstances.According to Mendoza-Denton's (2001)research,people who are given open-ended prompts tend to describe themselves using ________ terms.

Accepted Answer

A) state-like and specific 
B) state specific 
C) situationally contingent 
D) relationship-based 
E) trait-like and global

Question 3

We tend to make ________ attributions for our own behaviors,but ________ attributions for others' behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) situational;dispositional 
B) dispositional;situational 
C) positive;negative 
D) negative;positive 
E) realistic;unrealistic

Question 4

Differences between shy and non-shy people appeared to be ________ online compared to offline because of the ________ of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) reduced;absence;visual and auditory feedback 
B) increased;absence;encouragement offline 
C) reduced;presence;empathy toward shy males by females 
D) reduced;absence;physical threat cues from another person 
E) increased;absence;comforting contextual cues

Question 5

Betty and Vera are best friends who are both being treated for depression.Betty has come to believe that Vera's case of depression is much worse than her own case.Consequently,Betty is making a(n)________ comparison that will likely ________ her self-esteem,and cause her to feel ________.

Accepted Answer

A) downward;increase;closer to Vera 
B) upward;decrease;somewhat distant from Vera 
C) downward;decrease;closer to her other friends 
D) downward;increase;increasingly distant from Vera 
E) upward;increase;just about the same toward Vera

Question 6

A person's evaluation of his or her ability to reach a goal is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) self-concept 
B) self-efficacy 
C) self-esteem 
D) self-complexity 
E) self-image

Question 7

George believes he is the best basketball player at his school,maybe even in the city.He believes he's also smarter than almost everybody.His self-esteem score is high on both explicit and implicit measures.Nick is new to the school and challenges George to a game of one on one.Nick wins the game by a landslide and taunts George by saying,"I thought you said you could play." Based on research by Baumeister and colleagues,what is George likely to do?

Accepted Answer

A) Ask Nick for some pointers about how to improve his game. 
B) Punch Nick in the face. 
C) Sulk and pout at first,but eventually get over it and practice harder. 
D) Shake hands with Nick and say,"Good game." 
E) Encourage the coach to make Nick a starter on the team.

Question 8

Having been given "acting lessons" to either 1)"try to feel as if you are 14 years old at dinner with family," or 2)"put on a performance so you will seem to others as if you're 14 years old at dinner with family," participants in acting condition ________ were more likely to see themselves as having ________.

Accepted Answer

A) 2;more consistent traits 
B) 1;more consistent traits 
C) 2;few consistent traits 
D) 1;greater emotional range 
E) 2;emotionally stilted interactions

Question 9

When people with low self-esteem receive negative feedback their self-esteem ____.

Accepted Answer

A) remains stable 
B) improves 
C) drops even lower 
D) becomes implicit 
E) increases but only slightly

Question 10

College students report telling on average two lies per day.The reasons for doing so are

Accepted Answer

A) to advance their own interests. 
B) to help protect the other person. 
C) to deceive others maliciously. 
D) both A and B 
E) both A and C

Question 11

When Jeremy was recently asked to describe himself to his classmates,he spoke about being a member of the football team and how this helped to make his experiences different from those of other students in the class.Jeremy was primarily making ________ comparisons.

Accepted Answer

A) extragroup 
B) intergroup 
C) individual 
D) intragroup 
E) instrumental group

Question 12

Our lowered capacity to exert subsequent self-control following earlier efforts to exert self-control is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Our lowered capacity to exert subsequent self-control...

Question 13

Katherine and Amy are members of the same sorority at college and are members of the school's swim team.They have been trying to master a difficult dive from the high board at the college's swimming pool.Amy is showing faster improvement in the dive than Katherine is.If they compare their performance as team mates and sorority sisters,social identity theory suggests that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Katherine should dislike Amy more 
B) Amy should dislike Katherine more 
C) Katherine should like Amy more 
D) neither Katherine's nor Amy's liking for each other should change 
E) Amy should like Katherine more

Question 14

Our self-construals can vary depending on what is made ____ to us at any given moment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Our self-construals can vary depending on what...

Question 15

Recent research on prejudice suggests that attributing a negative personal outcome to prejudice may be protective of one's self-esteem if the prejudice is ________,while it may be harmful to one's overall sense of psychological well-being if the prejudice is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) limited in duration;seen as being a fundamental part of the individual 
B) seen as pervasive;seen as being limited 
C) seen as being limited;seen as pervasive 
D) seen as being a fundamental part of the individual;limited in duration 
E) seen as being fundamental to the society at large;limited in duration

Question 16

The above average effect is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the tendency for above average people to feel positively about themselves 
B) thinking that negative social feedback about ourselves is incorrect 
C) the tendency to inflate our estimate of others' standing on most social traits 
D) thinking that we are above average on most social traits 
E) the tendency to think that significant others are above average on most social traits

Question 17

Prior to Taylor and Brown's (1988)important article,it had always been assumed that ________ is a cornerstone of good mental health.

Accepted Answer

A) being realistic 
B) being open and communicative with others 
C) a high sense of self-worth 
D) feeling fully in control 
E) a supportive family of origin

Question 18

William plays softball on the weekends with a group of friends from work.He believes he is a better pitcher than Tyreke because batters have fewer hits when he pitches than when Tyreke pitches.This type of comparison can best be explained by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) social existential theory 
B) social identity theory 
C) social skills theory 
D) social comparison theory 
E) social attribution theory

Question 19

The personal-social identity continuum recognizes that we ________.

Accepted Answer

A) see ourselves as being more consistent across situations than we really are 
B) can see ourselves differently,depending on circumstances 
C) are part of a number of different social groups 
D) see ourselves primarily as individuals 
E) present many different "selves," depending on the social grouping

Question 20

Discuss introspection.What is it? Is it a good thing? More specifically,what can happen to specific attitudes or behaviors if we introspect about them?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss introspection.What is it? Is it a...

Exam 4: The Self: Answering the Question: Who Am I

African American participants at time 1 scored lower on a difficult verbal test than White participants.At time 2,this racial difference disappeared.What did participants experience between time 1 and time 2?

People tend to describe themselves in different ways under different circumstances.According to Mendoza-Denton's (2001) research,people who are given open-ended prompts tend to describe themselves using ________ terms.

We tend to make attributions for our own behaviors,but attributions for others' behaviors.

Differences between shy and non-shy people appeared to be online compared to offline because of the of .

Betty and Vera are best friends who are both being treated for depression.Betty has come to believe that Vera's case of depression is much worse than her own case.Consequently,Betty is making a(n) comparison that will likely her self-esteem,and cause her to feel .

A person's evaluation of his or her ability to reach a goal is known as ________.

Having been given "acting lessons" to either 1) "try to feel as if you are 14 years old at dinner with family," or 2) "put on a performance so you will seem to others as if you're 14 years old at dinner with family," participants in acting condition were more likely to see themselves as having .

When people with low self-esteem receive negative feedback their self-esteem ____.

College students report telling on average two lies per day.The reasons for doing so are

When Jeremy was recently asked to describe himself to his classmates,he spoke about being a member of the football team and how this helped to make his experiences different from those of other students in the class.Jeremy was primarily making ________ comparisons.

Our lowered capacity to exert subsequent self-control following earlier efforts to exert self-control is referred to as _____.

Our self-construals can vary depending on what is made ____ to us at any given moment.

Recent research on prejudice suggests that attributing a negative personal outcome to prejudice may be protective of one's self-esteem if the prejudice is ,while it may be harmful to one's overall sense of psychological well-being if the prejudice is .

The above average effect is ________.

Prior to Taylor and Brown's (1988) important article,it had always been assumed that ________ is a cornerstone of good mental health.

William plays softball on the weekends with a group of friends from work.He believes he is a better pitcher than Tyreke because batters have fewer hits when he pitches than when Tyreke pitches.This type of comparison can best be explained by ________.

The personal-social identity continuum recognizes that we ________.

Discuss introspection.What is it? Is it a good thing? More specifically,what can happen to specific attitudes or behaviors if we introspect about them?

Exam 4: The Self: Answering the Question: Who Am I

African American participants at time 1 scored lower on a difficult verbal test than White participants.At time 2,this racial difference disappeared.What did participants experience between time 1 and time 2?

People tend to describe themselves in different ways under different circumstances.According to Mendoza-Denton's (2001) research,people who are given open-ended prompts tend to describe themselves using ________ terms.

We tend to make ________ attributions for our own behaviors,but ________ attributions for others' behaviors.

Differences between shy and non-shy people appeared to be ________ online compared to offline because of the ________ of ________.

Betty and Vera are best friends who are both being treated for depression.Betty has come to believe that Vera's case of depression is much worse than her own case.Consequently,Betty is making a(n) ________ comparison that will likely ________ her self-esteem,and cause her to feel ________.

A person's evaluation of his or her ability to reach a goal is known as ________.

When people with low self-esteem receive negative feedback their self-esteem ____.

College students report telling on average two lies per day.The reasons for doing so are

When Jeremy was recently asked to describe himself to his classmates,he spoke about being a member of the football team and how this helped to make his experiences different from those of other students in the class.Jeremy was primarily making ________ comparisons.

Our lowered capacity to exert subsequent self-control following earlier efforts to exert self-control is referred to as _____.

Our self-construals can vary depending on what is made ____ to us at any given moment.

Recent research on prejudice suggests that attributing a negative personal outcome to prejudice may be protective of one's self-esteem if the prejudice is ________,while it may be harmful to one's overall sense of psychological well-being if the prejudice is ________.

The above average effect is ________.

Prior to Taylor and Brown's (1988) important article,it had always been assumed that ________ is a cornerstone of good mental health.

William plays softball on the weekends with a group of friends from work.He believes he is a better pitcher than Tyreke because batters have fewer hits when he pitches than when Tyreke pitches.This type of comparison can best be explained by ________.

The personal-social identity continuum recognizes that we ________.

Discuss introspection.What is it? Is it a good thing? More specifically,what can happen to specific attitudes or behaviors if we introspect about them?

We tend to make attributions for our own behaviors,but attributions for others' behaviors.

Differences between shy and non-shy people appeared to be online compared to offline because of the of .

Betty and Vera are best friends who are both being treated for depression.Betty has come to believe that Vera's case of depression is much worse than her own case.Consequently,Betty is making a(n) comparison that will likely her self-esteem,and cause her to feel .

Recent research on prejudice suggests that attributing a negative personal outcome to prejudice may be protective of one's self-esteem if the prejudice is ,while it may be harmful to one's overall sense of psychological well-being if the prejudice is .