Question 1

Explain how self-serving bias impacts our attributions about unexpected negative events.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how self-serving bias impacts our attributions...

Question 2

Noncommon effects ________.

Accepted Answer

A) are effects that can be caused only by a combination of two or more factors 
B) are effects that can be caused by only one specific factor 
C) are effects that can be caused by one of several different factors 
D) are unusually weak indicators of underlying personality traits 
E) cannot be explained by correspondent inferences

Question 3

The tendency to explain other people behaviors as being caused from dispositions even when situational causes are present is known as ________ bias.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The tendency to explain other people behaviors...

Question 4

________ communications include facial expressions,eye contact,body movements,and sounds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ communications include facial expressions,eye contact,body movements,and...

Question 5

Our tendency to perceive the actions of others as caused by their dispositions or personality rather than perceiving the cause of their actions as the situation they are in is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a self-serving bias 
B) perceptual salience 
C) correspondence bias 
D) the consistency effect 
E) the actor-observer effect

Question 6

One indication of possible deception occurs when inconsistencies exist between different types of nonverbal cues,such as facial expression and posture.These inconsistencies are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) interchannel discrepancies 
B) microexpressions 
C) cultural inconsistencies 
D) noncommon effects 
E) expressive styles

Question 7

The process by which individuals seek to understand why others behave as they do is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) causal misdirection 
B) impression management 
C) attribution 
D) social precision 
E) nonverbal communication

Question 8

Implicit personality theories about first-born children include which of the following traits?

Accepted Answer

A) Ambitious,passive,kind,dependent 
B) Aggressive,ambitious,caring,jealous 
C) Intelligent,responsible,stable,unemotional 
D) Disagreeable jealous,emotional,irresponsible 
E) Caring,friendly,outgoing,and thoughtful.

Question 9

Our personal beliefs about the way that certain traits occur together are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) explicit trait theories 
B) implicit personality theories 
C) peripheral trait theories 
D) conceptual personality theories 
E) central trait theories

Question 10

In support of the facial feedback hypothesis,participants in one study reported weaker emotional responses to positive and negative video clips than participants in a control condition.What methodology was used to draw this conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A) Participants were injected with a placebo and told that it would enhance or inhibit their emotional experience. 
B) Participants were injected with Botox or Restylane and then asked to view the video clips. 
C) Participants completed a scale that asked them to report their level of empathy with others. 
D) Participants were asked to try to imagine they were the characters in the video clips. 
E) Participants were given mild electrical shock every time a computer registered a facial expression.

Question 11

________ involves our efforts to understand why other people act the way that they do.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ involves our efforts to understand why...

Question 12

Early research conducted by Solomon Asch suggests the presence of central traits,which are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) relatively unimportant characteristics that interact with each other to determine our overall impression of another person 
B) clusters of traits that we use to try to understand and explain the behavior of another person 
C) traits that strongly encourage the self-serving bias 
D) traits that strongly color the way we interpret other aspects of another person 
E) traits that have a relatively weak effect on our overall impression of another person

Question 13

What is the relevance of Aronoff,Woike,and Hyman's (1992)research on the dancing styles of key characters in classic ballet to the study of body language?

Accepted Answer

A) Large-scale body movements and postures often inform us about others' emotions or traits. 
B) Body movements and postures tend to be informative only if we are within 10 feet of the person in question. 
C) This research has no relevance to the study of body language. 
D) Body movements must agree with verbal signals in order to be interpreted. 
E) In most cases,we're able to make flawless judgments about others' intentions based on their body movements.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an example of a basic channel of nonverbal communication?

Accepted Answer

A) Hand and body movements 
B) Posture 
C) Eye contact 
D) Talking 
E) Facial expression

Question 15

There are ________ basic emotions that get represented on the human face.

Accepted Answer

A) five 
B) seven 
C) three 
D) eight 
E) ten

Question 16

According to Kelley's theory,behaviors that arise because of an individual's traits,motives,or intentions are ________ caused,while those behaviors that arise because of some aspect of the social or physical environment are ________ caused.

Accepted Answer

A) ambiguously;distinctively 
B) genetically;environmentally 
C) externally;internally 
D) internally;externally 
E) consensually;externally

Question 17

Our tendency to attribute our own positive outcomes to internal causes and negative outcomes to external causes is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) noncommon effects 
B) implicit personality theory 
C) the self-serving bias 
D) the actor-observer effect 
E) explicit personality theory

Question 18

The theory of correspondent inference suggests that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) behaviors that are freely chosen are better indicators of our underlying personality traits than are behaviors that are caused by external factors 
B) inconsistent behaviors indicate our underlying personality traits 
C) all behaviors,whether freely chosen or caused by external factors,show something of our underlying personality traits 
D) to show our underlying personality,our behaviors must be both indistinct and inconsistent 
E) behaviors that are inconsistent with our stated goals and objectives are caused by our underlying personality traits more than by external factors

Question 19

Imagine that you see a friend arguing with a sales clerk in a store.You have never seen your friend argue with anyone in public before.Therefore,you think that the clerk did something to cause the argument.The theory that most directly explains how you reached this conclusion is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the theory of discounting and augmenting 
B) the inferential correspondence effect 
C) the actor-observer effect 
D) the theory of consensus consistency 
E) the theory of correspondent inference

Question 20

Body movements that carry specific meanings in a given culture,such as the "thumbs-up" motion (fist with an extended thumb pointing upwards),are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) macroexpressions 
B) microexpressions 
C) slogans 
D) emblems 
E) misleading gestures

Exam 3: Social Perception: Perceiving and Understanding Others