Question 1

In his classic study of _____,Sherif had participants in groups call out estimates of the distance that a small point of light appeared to move in a dark room.

Accepted Answer

A) obedience 
B) group cohesiveness 
C) norm formation 
D) psychological reactance

Question 2

In the context of Asch's experiment conducted in the 1950s,which of the following is true of the conformity among people in different countries or cultures?

Accepted Answer

A) Individuals in more recently settled frontier states were more willing to conform than nonfrontier states. 
B) People in collectivistic countries were more willing to conform than those in individualistic countries. 
C) Many individuals in the more individualistic cultures were willing to conform to the group judgment in experiments. 
D) Individualistic cultures and maleness encouraged fitting in with a group.

Question 3

In the context of the Milgram studies,which of the following is one of the factors that determined obedience?

Accepted Answer

A) the victim's similarity to the teacher 
B) the victim's emotional distance 
C) the victim's closeness and legitimacy 
D) the liberating effects of an obedient fellow victim

Question 4

A year after his original study,Sherif's participants were retested alone and gave answers that supported the original group's norm.This suggests that the process involved:

Accepted Answer

A) progression. 
B) compliance. 
C) obedience. 
D) acceptance.

Question 5

Knowing that someone is trying to coerce you may prompt you to do the opposite of that person's wishes.This response is predicted by:

Accepted Answer

A) the theory of psychological reactance. 
B) the phenomenon of the looking-glass self. 
C) Milgram's theory of obedience. 
D) the planning fallacy.

Question 6

Conformity is greater when people respond publicly before a group.This pattern reflects:

Accepted Answer

A) impact bias. 
B) collective narcissism. 
C) normative influence. 
D) informational influence.

Question 7

Conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request while privately disagreeing is called:

Accepted Answer

A) obedience. 
B) acceptance. 
C) cohesiveness. 
D) compliance.

Question 8

Milgram's studies explored _____;Asch's studies explored _____.

Accepted Answer

A) obedience;conformity 
B) conformity;norm formation 
C) obedience;norm formation 
D) conformity;obedience

Question 9

Which of the following is true of Asch's conformity procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) Torn between the desire to avoid doing harm and the desire to be a good participant,a surprising number of people chose to disobey the orders. 
B) When external influences overrode inner convictions,attitudes failed to determine behavior. 
C) When responding alone,Asch's participants nearly always gave the wrong answer. 
D) In the obedience experiments,the remote victim's pleas overcame a powerful social pressure (the experimenter's commands).

Question 10

Olivia,a young woman,dyes her hair blue-green to stand out from the rest of the crowd.In this scenario,Olivia is most likely trying to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) become cohesive 
B) assert uniqueness 
C) become unanimous 
D) form norms

Question 11

Rivalry between groups is often most intense when the groups:

Accepted Answer

A) closely resemble each other. 
B) share a common goal. 
C) are very different. 
D) are of different ethnicities.

Question 12

According to Morton Deutsch and Harold Gerard (1955),which of the following instances of greater conformity reflects informational influence?

Accepted Answer

A) when people respond publicly before a group 
B) when the assigned task is easy 
C) when group members are bilingual 
D) when people care about being right

Question 13

When Native American Regina returned to the United States after two years in Madagascar,she felt uncomfortable and out of place.She was most likely experiencing:

Accepted Answer

A) normative social influence. 
B) reentry distress. 
C) psychological reactance. 
D) major depression.

Question 14

In the context of classic studies on conformity,identify the similarity between the Asch and the Milgram studies.

Accepted Answer

A) They acknowledge the absence of the link between behavior and attitudes and the power of the situation. 
B) They succeed in pressuring people to go against their own consciences. 
C) They show how moral sense can take precedence over compliance. 
D) They desensitize individuals to moral conflicts in their lives.

Question 15

After hearing a great deal about the benefits of soy products from your friends,you decide to drink soy milk instead of cow's milk.Your behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) obedience. 
B) acceptance. 
C) progression. 
D) commonality.

Question 16

Which of the following is explained by the theory of psychological reactance?

Accepted Answer

A) why people with the highest risk of smoking are often the most likely to respond to programs designed to protect them 
B) why people feel motivated to work out more when exercise becomes a "must" or "should" activity 
C) why teens eat less fruit when they are told that others believe eating fruit is healthy 
D) why reaching young adults with anti-drinking messages or smokers with anti-smoking messages always works

Question 17

Suggestibility to problems that spreads throughout a large group of people is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) collective narcissism. 
B) social influence. 
C) groupthink. 
D) mass hysteria.

Question 18

What percentage of nurses in Hofling et al.'s (1966)study administered an obvious drug overdose when it was called in by an unknown physician?

Accepted Answer

A) 27% 
B) 50% 
C) 75% 
D) 95%

Question 19

Meghan,a versatile singer,is a judge on a reality show.She scores a contestant lower than the other judges in the panel do.She does not revise her scores despite requests from the management of the show.According to Asch's study on conformity,Meghan most likely sticks to her judgment because of her _____.

Accepted Answer

A) psychological reactance 
B) cohesion 
C) status 
D) prior commitment

Question 20

In the context of the obedience experiments,which of the following is true of the views of different cultures on conformity?

Accepted Answer

A) In individualistic countries,university students are more likely to see themselves as more conforming than others. 
B) Conformity rates are lower in collectivistic countries than in individualistic countries. 
C) Although nonconformity supports creative problem solving,groups thrive when coordinating their responses to threats. 
D) Countries that have a high risk of diseases tend to have cultures with relatively low conformity levels than countries with low risk.

Exam 6: Conformity and Obedience