Question 1

Describe how behavioral confirmation can take place in a classroom.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how behavioral confirmation can take place...

Question 2

Zachary watches a horror movie alone.Later that night,he wakes up hearing a strange noise and notices an ominous shadow moving outside his window.Fearing that someone is trying to break into his house,he turns on the light.When he looks out through the window,he finds leaves rustling and the shadow of a plant.Which of the following best explains the initial reaction of Zachary?

Accepted Answer

A) Centration 
B) Priming 
C) The confirmation bias 
D) The misinformation effect

Question 3

Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman notes that human beings have two brain systems.In this context,identify a characteristic of System 1.

Accepted Answer

A) It requires conscious effort. 
B) It requires conscious attention. 
C) It functions automatically. 
D) It influences actions insignificantly.

Question 4

Sometimes the basis for one's belief is discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true survives. Social psychologists refer to this as:

Accepted Answer

A) rationalization. 
B) cognitive dissonance. 
C) attitude consistency. 
D) belief perseverance.

Question 5

Describe an example of how the actor-observer difference could play a role in racist beliefs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe an example of how the actor-observer...

Question 6

Explicit thinking that is deliberate,reflective,and conscious is called:

Accepted Answer

A) controlled processing. 
B) automatic processing. 
C) external processing. 
D) intentional processing.

Question 7

Filip is overweight and is often made fun of by people at work.They assume that he is obese because he is lazy and a binge eater and avoids exercising.They are unaware of the fact that Filip suffers from a medical condition that has slowed down his metabolism and exhausts him easily.In the context of social thinking,this scenario illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) the halo effect. 
B) the fundamental attribution error. 
C) the less-is-better effect. 
D) Parkinson's law of triviality.

Question 8

When our expectations lead us to act in ways that induce others to confirm their expectations,_____ is at work.

Accepted Answer

A) an illusory correlation 
B) the confirmation bias 
C) behavioral confirmation 
D) the illusion of control

Question 9

On the first day of class,we see a middle-aged man in the front of the room talking to a younger man.If we assume the older man is a professor and the younger man is a student,we are relying on _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the overconfidence phenomenon 
B) the representativeness heuristic 
C) belief perseverance 
D) the misinformation effect

Question 10

The tendency to presume,sometimes despite contrary odds,that someone or something belongs to a particular group if resembling a typical member is referred to as the _____ heuristic.

Accepted Answer

A) availability 
B) representativeness 
C) vividness 
D) matching

Question 11

Both you and your friend are late for a meeting.How would the attribution theory predict your behavior and your friend's?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both you and your friend are late...

Question 12

Ella participates in a beauty pageant and is the first runner-up.She thinks that she would have won the pageant if only she had performed better in the talent round.In the context of social thinking,which of the following is illustrated in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) elaboration 
B) decentration 
C) counterfactual thinking 
D) convergent thinking

Question 13

Provide an example of the fundamental attribution error.Explain why the error is considered "fundamental."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an example of the fundamental attribution...

Question 14

Inferring that Cinderella is truly meek as she cowers in her oppressive home is an example of how we often:

Accepted Answer

A) focus on internal traits. 
B) ignore temporary moods. 
C) forget about situational influences. 
D) notice public and private behaviors.

Question 15

Antonia Abbey and colleagues (1987,1991,2011)found that _____ are highly likely to attribute a _____ friendliness to sexual interest.

Accepted Answer

A) women;man's 
B) men;woman's 
C) both women and men;man's 
D) both women and men;woman's

Question 16

Unlike her friends,Olivia,a 25-year-old,refrains from spending lavishly on clothes and luxury items.Her friends label her a miser for being thrifty.In reality,she is saving money to buy her own car.In this scenario,Juan's friends are most likely _____.

Accepted Answer

A) influenced by the disposition effect. 
B) committing the group attribution error. 
C) committing the fundamental attribution error. 
D) influenced by the mere exposure effect.

Question 17

In an experiment,Lee Ross set up a simulated quiz game.He randomly assigned some Stanford University students to play the role of questioner,some to play the role of contestant,and others to observe.Results indicated that:

Accepted Answer

A) both contestants and observers thought the questioners were more knowledgeable than the contestants. 
B) both contestants and observers thought the contestants were more knowledgeable than the questioners. 
C) observers thought the questioners were more knowledgeable,but contestants attributed the outcomes to the situation. 
D) questioners thought themselves to be knowledgeable,but contestants attributed the outcomes to the situation.

Question 18

Brian does not prepare well for an upcoming psychology exam.He is religious and prays regularly before the exam to score well.When he scores more than he expected,he assumes that he did well because he prayed.In the context of social thinking,this scenario illustrates the:

Accepted Answer

A) principle of simplicity. 
B) illusion of control. 
C) representative heuristic. 
D) gambler's fallacy.

Question 19

Those who make dispositional attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that:

Accepted Answer

A) offer direct support to the poor. 
B) are unsympathetic to the poor. 
C) tend to blame the environment for their problems. 
D) are more neutral regarding poverty and unemployment.

Question 20

Your boss is always cranky.You assume this is because she is an unhappy person.What type of attribution are you making to explain her behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) a motivational attribution 
B) a dispositional attribution 
C) a situational attribution 
D) an illusory attribution

Exam 3: Social Beliefs and Judgments

Describe how behavioral confirmation can take place in a classroom.

Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman notes that human beings have two brain systems.In this context,identify a characteristic of System 1.

Sometimes the basis for one's belief is discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true survives. Social psychologists refer to this as:

Describe an example of how the actor-observer difference could play a role in racist beliefs.

Explicit thinking that is deliberate,reflective,and conscious is called:

When our expectations lead us to act in ways that induce others to confirm their expectations,_____ is at work.

On the first day of class,we see a middle-aged man in the front of the room talking to a younger man.If we assume the older man is a professor and the younger man is a student,we are relying on _____.

The tendency to presume,sometimes despite contrary odds,that someone or something belongs to a particular group if resembling a typical member is referred to as the _____ heuristic.

Both you and your friend are late for a meeting.How would the attribution theory predict your behavior and your friend's?

Ella participates in a beauty pageant and is the first runner-up.She thinks that she would have won the pageant if only she had performed better in the talent round.In the context of social thinking,which of the following is illustrated in this scenario?

Provide an example of the fundamental attribution error.Explain why the error is considered "fundamental."

Inferring that Cinderella is truly meek as she cowers in her oppressive home is an example of how we often:

Antonia Abbey and colleagues (1987,1991,2011) found that _ are highly likely to attribute a _ friendliness to sexual interest.

Unlike her friends,Olivia,a 25-year-old,refrains from spending lavishly on clothes and luxury items.Her friends label her a miser for being thrifty.In reality,she is saving money to buy her own car.In this scenario,Juan's friends are most likely _____.

In an experiment,Lee Ross set up a simulated quiz game.He randomly assigned some Stanford University students to play the role of questioner,some to play the role of contestant,and others to observe.Results indicated that:

Brian does not prepare well for an upcoming psychology exam.He is religious and prays regularly before the exam to score well.When he scores more than he expected,he assumes that he did well because he prayed.In the context of social thinking,this scenario illustrates the:

Those who make dispositional attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that:

Your boss is always cranky.You assume this is because she is an unhappy person.What type of attribution are you making to explain her behavior?

Exam 3: Social Beliefs and Judgments

Describe how behavioral confirmation can take place in a classroom.

Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman notes that human beings have two brain systems.In this context,identify a characteristic of System 1.

Sometimes the basis for one's belief is discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true survives. Social psychologists refer to this as:

Describe an example of how the actor-observer difference could play a role in racist beliefs.

Explicit thinking that is deliberate,reflective,and conscious is called:

When our expectations lead us to act in ways that induce others to confirm their expectations,_____ is at work.

On the first day of class,we see a middle-aged man in the front of the room talking to a younger man.If we assume the older man is a professor and the younger man is a student,we are relying on _____.

The tendency to presume,sometimes despite contrary odds,that someone or something belongs to a particular group if resembling a typical member is referred to as the _____ heuristic.

Both you and your friend are late for a meeting.How would the attribution theory predict your behavior and your friend's?

Ella participates in a beauty pageant and is the first runner-up.She thinks that she would have won the pageant if only she had performed better in the talent round.In the context of social thinking,which of the following is illustrated in this scenario?

Provide an example of the fundamental attribution error.Explain why the error is considered "fundamental."

Inferring that Cinderella is truly meek as she cowers in her oppressive home is an example of how we often:

Antonia Abbey and colleagues (1987,1991,2011) found that _____ are highly likely to attribute a _____ friendliness to sexual interest.

Unlike her friends,Olivia,a 25-year-old,refrains from spending lavishly on clothes and luxury items.Her friends label her a miser for being thrifty.In reality,she is saving money to buy her own car.In this scenario,Juan's friends are most likely _____.

In an experiment,Lee Ross set up a simulated quiz game.He randomly assigned some Stanford University students to play the role of questioner,some to play the role of contestant,and others to observe.Results indicated that:

Brian does not prepare well for an upcoming psychology exam.He is religious and prays regularly before the exam to score well.When he scores more than he expected,he assumes that he did well because he prayed.In the context of social thinking,this scenario illustrates the:

Those who make dispositional attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that:

Your boss is always cranky.You assume this is because she is an unhappy person.What type of attribution are you making to explain her behavior?

Antonia Abbey and colleagues (1987,1991,2011) found that _ are highly likely to attribute a _ friendliness to sexual interest.